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Identified
neurons in the medicinal leech Hirudo
verbana |
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Dorsal
aspect
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Ventral
aspect
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Identified neurons on the dorsal aspect of segmental ganglia in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis.
Map Major axon Color Descriptionb Behavioral numberc projectionb codea involvementbc
Motoneurons
DE-3 CPNR green excitor of DLM swimming, LB crawling DE-5 CPNR green swimming, LB crawling DE-18 CANR green swimming DE-107 CANR green swimming, LB VE-4 IPNR green excitor of VLM swimming, LB crawling VE-8 CPNR green swimming, LB VE-108 CANR green swimming, LB FE-109 CNR green excitor of lateral swimming, LB CNR dorsal-ventral FM FE-117 CNR blue excitor of medial dorsoventral FM DI-1 CNR red inhibitor of DLM swimming, LB crawling DI-102 CNR red swimming, LB VI-2 CNR red inhibitor of VLM swimming, crawling VI-7 CNR red swimming VI-119 CNR red swimming FI-101 CNR red inhibitor of swimming, LB dorsoventral FM CE-11 CNR blue excitor of CM CE-12 CNR blue CE-112 CNR blue L (Large LM neuron) blue excitor of other crawling LM DE-6 CNR blue local bending LI-9 CNR blue inhibitor of LM LE-106 CNR blue excitor of lateral LM OE-110 CNR blue excitor
of OE-111 CNR blue Interneurons
21 Green serotonergic, gating swimming 27 AIC Red oscillator swimming one ganglion 240° phase 28 AIC, red oscillator swimming one ganglion 120° phase 33 AIC, red oscillator swimming one ganglion 240° phase 115 PCC red oscillator swimming, LB 0° phase 123 PIC red oscillator swimming one ganglion 0° phase 125 PIC blue excitor, receives LB input from P cells 34 blue interacts with T cells, S cells Mechanosensory
cells
P INR, IC yellow mechanosensory responds to pressure Neurosecretory cells 50 IC pink secretary neuron LB, feeding a. Color codes correspond to the maps of segmental ganglia (Fig. 2). Coded with green and red are involved in swimming circuits. b. Abbreviations: LM-longitudinal muscles DLM-dorsal LM VLM-ventral LM FM-flattener muscles CM-circular muscles OM-oblique muscles NR-nerve root CANR-contralateral anterior NR CNR-contralateral NR CPNR-contralateral posterior NR INR-ipsilateral NR IPNR- ipsilateral posterior NR IC-ipsilateral connectives AIC-anterior IC PIC-posterior IC PCC-posterior contralateral connectives LB-local bending CM-circular muscle NR-nerve root CNR-contralateral NR INR-ipsilateral NR CANR-contralateral anterior NR IC-ipsilateral connectives AIC-anterior IC PIC-posterior IC CC- contralateral connectives PCC-posterior CC ACC-anterior CC Fn-Favre’s nerve. c.
This table provides an update of neurons listed in
Muller KJ Nicholls JG Stent GS (1981) Neurobiology
of the leech. |
Identified neurons on the ventral aspect of segmental ganglia in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis.
Map Major axon Color Descriptionbb Behavioral numberc projectionb codea involvementbc
Motoneurons
AE CNR blue annuli erector change skin surface from smooth to ridged input from T cell CV CNR blue excitor of crawling ventrolateral CM HE INR blue cardiac rhythmic control HN (M3-19) movement AP CNR blue input from P cell position detection, crawling 152 CNR blue CM excitor crawling 166 CNR blue CM inhibitor crawling Interneurons
61 IC (2 ganglia) green serotonergic swimming gating 204 Fn (unpaired) green gating swimming, crawling, behavioral decision 205 Fn (unpaired) green gating, swimming found in M9 208 IC (unpair) green oscillator swimming 60 IC (2 ganglia) red oscillation 240° swimming 151 IC
(NR) blue non-spiking a negative feedback to
limit excessive motor
activity, crawling 153 CANR blue receive excitatory photo reception, photosensory input swimming oscillation 180° 154 blue photo-sensory input photoreception 157 CC blue EPSP long latency LB 159 PIC blue EPSP long latency LB, crawling 160 blue shifts swim phase swimming? but no oscillation 161 IC blue EPSP from P cell LB 162 IC blue EPSP from P cell LB 169 CC blue EPSP long latency swimming, LB 201 CC blue receive inhibition water motion from the SMRs detection 202 CC blue receive excitation water motion from the SMRs detection 213 AIC blue ascending crawling 215 blue receive excitation photosensory (ipsi-) sensillum 7 reception 216 blue receive photo photosensory sensory inputs reception 212 ACC blue EPSP from P cell LB 218 IC blue Spontaneous EPSP LB 258 INR blue with large soma crawling S Fn blue LB, shortening, Learning, crawling HN IC blue Inhibitor IN control of heartbeat (M1-M7) Heart oscillator E21 Fn
M21 Trigger/gating swimming Mechanosensory
cell
T IC (NR) yellow responds to tactile touch (T1, T2, T3) stimuli P IC (NR) yellow respond to pressing pressure (P1, P2) stimuli on skin N IC (NR) yellow respond to noxious nociception (N1, N2) stimuli on skin, gut Neurosecretory
cell
R ICNR, IC pink contains serotonin swimming, feeding (Retzius) muscle relaxation 50 (Leydig) pink LB, feeding
aColor codes correspond to the maps of segmental ganglia (Fig. 2). Coded with green and red are involved in swimming circuits. bAbbreviations LM-longitudinal muscles DLM-dorsal LM VLM-ventral LM FM-flattener muscles CM-circular muscles OM-oblique muscles NR-nerve root CANR-contralateral anterior NR CNR-contralateral NR CPNR-contralateral posterior NR INR-ipsilateral NR IPNR- ipsilateral posterior NR IC-ipsilateral connectives AIC-anterior IC PIC-posterior IC PCC-posterior contralateral connectives LB-local bending CM-circular muscle NR-nerve root CNR-contralateral NR INR-ipsilateral NR CANR-contralateral anterior NR IC-ipsilateral connectives AIC-anterior IC PIC-posterior IC CC- contralateral connectives PCC-posterior CC ACC-anterior CC Fn-Favre’s nerve. cThis
table provides an update of neurons listed in Muller KJ Nicholls JG Stent GS
(1981) Neurobiology of the leech. References for additions
to appendix Table 1 Leydig cell Wilson RJ, Kristan WB Jr, Kleinhaus AL (1996) An increase in activity of serotonergic Retzius neurones may not be necessary for the consummatory phase of feeding in the leech Hirudo medicinalis. J Exp Biol 199:1405-1414 LB behavior Lockery SR, Kristan WB Jr. (1990) Distributed processing of sensory information in the leech. II. Identification of interneurons contributing to the local bending reflex. J Neurosci 10:1816-29 Garcia-Perez E, Zoccolan D, Pinato
G, Torre V (2004) Dynamics and reproducibility of a moderately complex
sensory-motor response in the medicinal leech. J Neurophysiol 92:1783-1795 Wittenberg G, Kristan WB Jr (1992) Analysis and modeling of the multisegmental coordination of shortening behavior in the medicinal leech. II. Role of identified interneurons. J Neurophysiol 68:1693-1707 AP cell Shan D, Zhang RJ (2001) Frequency coding of positional information by an identified neuron, the AP cell, in the leech, Whitmania pigra. Brain Res Bull 56:511-515 AE cell Rodriguez MJ, Iscla IR, Szczupak L (2004) Modulation of mechanosensory responses by motoneurons that regulate skin surface topology in the leech. J Neurophysiol 91:2366-2375 Cell 151 Wadepuhl M (1987) A morpho- and physiologically uncommon neuron in the leech CNS. Naturwissenschaften 74:43-45 |
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