| Measure
of Ruralness |
Mean |
estimate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Rural Code = 4,6,8 |
0.075 |
-0.105 |
|
| Rural Code = 5,7,9 |
0.034 |
-0.064 |
|
| Community
Characteristics |
|
|
|
| Active MDs/10K |
28.955 |
0.006 |
|
|
|
| Active ObGyns/10K |
1.351 |
-0.072 |
|
|
| Child Psychiatrists/10K |
0.228 |
-0.186 |
|
|
| Psychiatrists/10K |
1.417 |
0.014 |
|
|
| Dos/10K |
1.890 |
-0.012 |
|
|
| Nurse Practitioners/10K |
2.849 |
-0.007 |
|
|
| CMHCs/10K |
0.046 |
0.054 |
|
|
| HMO Penetration Rate |
0.312 |
0.578 |
|
|
| % Black |
12.692 |
-0.004 |
|
|
| % Hispanic |
11.229 |
0.000 |
|
|
| Median Household Income |
44.737 |
0.001 |
|
|
| % Families in Poverty |
10.680 |
0.016 |
|
|
| Median Home Value |
139.021 |
0.000 |
|
|
| RNs/10K |
81.938 |
0.001 |
|
|
| Psychologists/10K |
6.771 |
0.003 |
|
|
| Counselors/10K |
20.349 |
-0.002 |
|
|
| Social Workers/10K |
22.984 |
0.000 |
|
| Black Health Professionals/10K |
93.470 |
0.000 |
|
| Hispanic Health Professionals/10K |
68.652 |
0.000 |
|
| Hospital Beds/10K |
0.322 |
0.021 |
|
| Personal Characteristics |
|
|
|
| Speaks Spanish |
0.046 |
0.100 |
|
| Age |
46.425 |
0.001 |
|
| Female |
0.548 |
0.408 |
|
| Highest Grade Completed |
13.442 |
0.014 |
|
| Insurance from Private Job |
0.668 |
-0.075 |
|
| Insurance from Private Company |
0.103 |
-0.178 |
|
| Insurance from Other Private Source |
0.017 |
0.158 |
|
| Insurance from Medicare |
0.189 |
0.044 |
|
| Insurance from Medicaid |
0.048 |
0.541 |
|
| Insurance from Champus |
0.030 |
0.120 |
|
| Other Public Insurance |
0.008 |
0.259 |
|
| Other Insurance |
0.015 |
-0.030 |
|
| Person Smokes |
0.229 |
0.363 |
|
| Works for Pay |
0.634 |
-0.210 |
|
| Family Income |
0.518 |
-0.191 |
|
| Hispanic |
0.097 |
0.026 |
|
| Black |
0.117 |
-0.255 |
|
| Personal/Community
Interactions |
|
|
|
| Hispanic * % Hispanic |
2.767 |
-0.003 |
|
| Black * % Black |
2.921 |
-0.007 |
|
| Hispanic * Hispanic Health Professionals/10K |
0.887 |
0.001 |
|
| Black * Black Health Professionals/10K |
2.924 |
0.004 |
|
| Hispanic * Rural Code = 4,6,8 |
0.002 |
-0.244 |
|
| Hispanic * Rural Code = 5,7,9 |
0.001 |
-0.332 |
|
| Black * Rural Code = 4,6,8 |
0.007 |
0.261 |
|
| Black * Rural Code = 5,7,9 |
0.004 |
0.281 |
|
mean effect |
0.663455 |
|
| Site Dummies |
|
|
|
| Boston |
0.040 |
-2.207 |
|
-1.544 |
0.061349 |
|
0.041945 |
0.016667 |
|
| Cleveland |
0.039 |
-2.148 |
|
-1.485 |
0.068832 |
|
0.04386 |
0.033333 |
|
| Greenville |
0.041 |
-1.732 |
|
-1.069 |
0.142637 |
|
0.044891 |
0.05 |
|
| Indianapolis |
0.042 |
-1.966 |
|
-1.303 |
0.096365 |
|
0.046816 |
0.066667 |
|
| Lansing |
0.041 |
-1.922 |
|
-1.259 |
0.104097 |
|
0.050654 |
0.083333 |
|
| Little Rock |
0.045 |
-2.026 |
|
-1.363 |
0.086513 |
|
0.050758 |
0.1 |
|
| Miami |
0.037 |
-2.371 |
|
-1.708 |
0.04386 |
|
0.051599 |
0.116667 |
|
| Newark |
0.041 |
-2.022 |
|
-1.359 |
0.087145 |
|
0.05245 |
0.133333 |
|
| Orange County |
0.038 |
-2.340 |
|
-1.677 |
0.046816 |
|
0.054187 |
0.15 |
|
| Phoenix |
0.038 |
-2.223 |
|
-1.560 |
0.059434 |
|
0.057796 |
0.166667 |
|
| Seattle |
0.035 |
-1.889 |
|
-1.226 |
0.110185 |
|
0.057912 |
0.183333 |
|
| Syracuse |
0.040 |
-2.165 |
|
-1.502 |
0.066607 |
|
0.059434 |
0.2 |
|
| Atlanta |
0.009 |
-1.921 |
|
-1.258 |
0.104278 |
|
0.061349 |
0.216667 |
|
| Augusta |
0.008 |
-1.927 |
|
-1.264 |
0.103197 |
|
0.061471 |
0.233333 |
|
| Baltimore |
0.010 |
-1.868 |
|
-1.205 |
0.11419 |
|
0.061958 |
0.25 |
|
| Bridgeport |
0.009 |
-2.293 |
|
-1.630 |
0.051599 |
|
0.063189 |
0.266667 |
|
| Chicago |
0.011 |
-2.202 |
|
-1.539 |
0.061958 |
|
0.063686 |
0.283333 |
|
| Columbus |
0.012 |
-1.791 |
|
-1.128 |
0.129756 |
|
0.066607 |
0.3 |
|
| Denver |
0.010 |
-1.991 |
|
-1.328 |
0.092164 |
|
0.067126 |
0.316667 |
|
| Detroit |
0.012 |
-1.969 |
|
-1.306 |
0.095854 |
|
0.067517 |
0.333333 |
|
| Greensboro |
0.010 |
-1.959 |
|
-1.296 |
0.097566 |
|
0.067647 |
0.35 |
|
| Houston |
0.011 |
-1.897 |
|
-1.234 |
0.108686 |
|
0.067909 |
0.366667 |
|
| Huntington |
0.011 |
-1.983 |
|
-1.320 |
0.093493 |
|
0.068832 |
0.383333 |
|
| Killeen |
0.009 |
-2.047 |
|
-1.384 |
0.083249 |
|
0.072345 |
0.4 |
|
| Knoxville |
0.010 |
-1.877 |
|
-1.214 |
0.112461 |
|
0.076711 |
0.416667 |
|
| Las Vegas |
0.010 |
-2.157 |
|
-1.494 |
0.067647 |
|
0.080376 |
0.433333 |
|
| Los Angeles |
0.012 |
-2.392 |
|
-1.729 |
0.041945 |
|
0.081426 |
0.45 |
|
| Middlesex |
0.010 |
-2.155 |
|
-1.492 |
0.067909 |
|
0.081879 |
0.466667 |
|
| Milwaukee |
0.011 |
-2.360 |
|
-1.697 |
0.044891 |
|
0.083249 |
0.483333 |
|
| Minneapolis |
0.012 |
-2.236 |
|
-1.573 |
0.057912 |
|
0.083709 |
0.5 |
|
| Modesto |
0.011 |
-2.269 |
|
-1.606 |
0.054187 |
|
0.086513 |
0.516667 |
|
| Nassau |
0.011 |
-2.161 |
|
-1.498 |
0.067126 |
|
0.087145 |
0.533333 |
|
| New York City |
0.011 |
-2.302 |
|
-1.639 |
0.050654 |
|
0.090197 |
0.55 |
|
| Philadelphia |
0.013 |
-2.059 |
|
-1.396 |
0.081426 |
|
0.091999 |
0.566667 |
|
| Pittsburgh |
0.011 |
-2.301 |
|
-1.638 |
0.050758 |
|
0.092164 |
0.583333 |
|
| Portland |
0.013 |
-1.974 |
|
-1.311 |
0.095006 |
|
0.093493 |
0.6 |
|
| Riverside |
0.011 |
-2.158 |
|
-1.495 |
0.067517 |
|
0.0945 |
0.616667 |
|
| Rochester |
0.015 |
-2.206 |
|
-1.543 |
0.061471 |
|
0.095006 |
0.633333 |
|
| San Antonio |
0.011 |
-2.237 |
|
-1.574 |
0.057796 |
|
0.095854 |
0.65 |
|
| San Francisco |
0.008 |
-2.188 |
|
-1.525 |
0.063686 |
|
0.096365 |
0.666667 |
|
| Santa Rosa |
0.009 |
-2.122 |
|
-1.459 |
0.072345 |
|
0.09705 |
0.683333 |
|
| Shreveport |
0.010 |
-1.962 |
|
-1.299 |
0.09705 |
|
0.097566 |
0.7 |
|
| St. Louis |
0.013 |
-2.056 |
|
-1.393 |
0.081879 |
|
0.098257 |
0.716667 |
|
0.0983 |
0 |
| Tampa |
0.011 |
-2.192 |
|
-1.529 |
0.063189 |
|
0.100881 |
0.733333 |
|
0.0983 |
1 |
| Tulsa |
0.011 |
-1.823 |
|
-1.160 |
0.123117 |
|
0.103197 |
0.75 |
|
| Washington DC |
0.012 |
-1.955 |
|
-1.292 |
0.098257 |
|
0.104097 |
0.766667 |
|
| W Palm Beach |
0.009 |
-1.977 |
|
-1.314 |
0.0945 |
|
0.104278 |
0.783333 |
|
0.085111 |
0 |
| Worcester |
0.010 |
-2.285 |
|
-1.622 |
0.05245 |
|
0.108686 |
0.8 |
|
0.085111 |
1 |
| Dothan |
0.012 |
-1.757 |
|
-1.094 |
0.137077 |
|
0.110185 |
0.816667 |
|
| Terre Haute |
0.010 |
-2.066 |
|
-1.403 |
0.080376 |
|
0.112461 |
0.833333 |
|
| Wilmington |
0.009 |
-2.044 |
|
-1.381 |
0.083709 |
|
0.11419 |
0.85 |
|
| W Central Alabama |
0.012 |
-1.992 |
|
-1.329 |
0.091999 |
|
0.120891 |
0.866667 |
|
| Central Arkansas |
0.015 |
-1.834 |
|
-1.171 |
0.120891 |
|
0.122102 |
0.883333 |
|
| N Georgia |
0.009 |
-1.786 |
|
-1.123 |
0.130815 |
|
0.123117 |
0.9 |
|
| NE Illinois |
0.011 |
-2.091 |
|
-1.428 |
0.076711 |
|
0.129545 |
0.916667 |
|
| NE Indiana |
0.011 |
-1.940 |
|
-1.277 |
0.100881 |
|
0.129756 |
0.933333 |
|
| E Maine |
0.011 |
-2.003 |
|
-1.340 |
0.090197 |
|
0.130815 |
0.95 |
|
| E North Carolina |
0.011 |
-1.727 |
|
-1.064 |
0.143767 |
|
0.137077 |
0.966667 |
|
| N Utah |
0.016 |
-1.792 |
|
-1.129 |
0.129545 |
|
0.142637 |
0.983333 |
|
| NW Washington |
0.011 |
-1.828 |
|
-1.165 |
0.122102 |
|
0.143767 |
1 |
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