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          Ions and electrons from the solar wind plasma, a local pick-up
     ion plasma or a plasma trapped in a planetary magnetosphere can
     impinge on an atmosphere. This can cause heating of the thermo-
     sphere and loss of atmosphere. To describe this quantitatively elastic
     and inelastic collision cross sections are needed. Since in many cases
     these are not measured we carry out semi-classical or classical
     molecular dynamics calculations to the required cross sections.
 

   CHARGE EXCHANGE CROSS SECTION DATA
 
       
      Relevent Calculations:

      Johnson, R. E., and Strobel, D. F., "Charge Exchange in the Io Torus and
              Exosphere," J. Geophys. Res., 87 (1982), p. 385.

      McGrath, M. A., and Johnson, R. E., "Charge Exchange Cross Sections for
              the Io's Plasma Torus," J. Geophys. Res. 94 (1989) p. 2677-2683.

      Johnson, R.E. "Formation of Na-containing Molecular Ions at Io"
             Icarus 111 (1994) p.65-72.

      Luna, H., M. Michael, M.B. Shah, R.E. Johnson, C.J. Latimer, and
              J.W. McConkey, "Dissociation of N2 in capture and ionization collisions
              with fast H+ and N+ ions and modeling of positive ion formation in the
              Titan atmosphere" JGR 108, NO E4, 5033, doi:10.1029/2002JE001950
              (2003). (PDF)

      Johnson, R.E. and M. Liu, Sputtering of the atmosphere of Mars,
         1. Collisional dissociation of CO2,
         Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 3639-3647.

      Johnson, R.E., M. Liu and C. Tully, Collisional Dissociation Cross
          Section for O + O2, CO and N2 and N + N2.
         Planet & Space Sci. 50(1) 123-128 (2002). (pdf)
 

      Tully, C. and R.E.Johnson, "Low Energy Collisions Between Ground
           State Oxygen Atoms",
           Planet & Space Sci. 49(6) (2001) 533-537.

      Tully, C. and R.E.Johnson, "Semiclassical calculation of  collisional
            dissociation cross section for N+N2"
            J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 6556-6561. (pdf)
 

      Tully, C., R.E. Johnson, "Erratum : 'Semiclassical calculation of collisional
              dissociation cross section for N+N2' [ J. Chem. Phys. 117, 6556 (2002)]",
              J. Chem. Phys. 119, 10452-10453 (2003) . (PDF)