Table of the ADAMs

Notes:

2. Accession numbers for partial sequences that cannot be assigned as an orthologue of a specific ADAM have not been included. ESTs are not included.

3. Other "ADAM-like" sequences have been discovered but are not included in this Table (e.g., decysin [Y13323; AJ242912], and a sequence that encodes an ADAM-like protein from S. pombe [Z98849]). Sequences have been deposited for ADAM proteins from the insect Anopheles gambiae (for examples, AAAB01008879, AAAB01008944). A genomic sequence (AL590446.1) has been deposited that appears to encode a fragment of an ADAM-like sequence from the microsporidium Encephalitozoon cuniculi.  A genomic sequence for an ADAM-like protein has been reported from Neurospora:  AABX01000128 (g); EAA34439 (p). ADAM and ADAM-like sequences have also been reported from other fungi, from puffer fush and from honeybees. See footnote 8 regarding the ADAM-TS gene family. We are currently preparing separate lists of non-vertebrate ADAMs. These will be linked to the parent Table.

4. ADAMs with the metalloprotease active site sequence HEXGHXXGXXHD (across all known orthologs) are: ADAMs 1, 8-10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19-21, 24-26, 28, 30, 33-40. (Re: ADAM21, see AF158644 and AF251559 and footnote 11).

5. A Table that focuses on ADAM genes in humans is available at http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/genefamily/metallo.html c/o the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee (http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/).Another Table of human ADAMs can be found at http://www.uta.fi/%7Eloiika/ADAMs/HADAMs.htm. Another Table of mouse ADAMs can be found at http://www.uta.fi/%7Eloiika/ADAMs/MMADAMs.htm.

6. ADAMs that appear to be (primarily) testis-specific are ADAMs: 2-6, 18, 20, 21, 24-26, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36-40. The testases (ADAMs 24-26, 34, and 36-40) appear to be present in the mouse, but not in the human, genome. The genes for the mouse testases are clustered on mouse chromosome 8. See Puente et al.2003 for a discussion.

7. Abbreviations: (a. sp.) alternatively spliced; (g) genomic; (p) protein. Mouse ADAMs that are represented by two genes are denoted a and b (e.g. 4a, 4b, 6a, 6b, 26a, 26b). The orthologous relationships between mouse ADAMs 4a, 4b, 6a, 6b and macaque ADAMs 4a, 4b, 6a, 6b, and 6c are not clear.

8. Information on the ADAM-TS gene family is available at: http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/users/hester/adamts.html and http://www.lerner.ccf.org/bme/staff/apte/adamts/ .

9. The mammalian ADAMs that are most similar to Xenopus ADAM13 are ADAMS 12, 19, and 33.

10.  There appear to be two genes (AE003640, kuzbanian; AE003770) in Drosophila that are highly similar to mammalian ADAM 10. U60591 is the mRNA sequence for kuzbanian. See Lieber et al. 2002 for a discussion.

11. Regarding the sequences for human ADAM21. The sequence AF158644 contains a predicted metalloprotease active site (HELGHTLGMQHD). The sequence AF029900 contains a single amino acid difference (HELGYTLGMQHD) which would not be consistent with metalloprotease function. However, we consider it likely that there may be a sequencing error in AF029900 and that human ADAM21 is likely an active metalloprotease. Our reasoning is as follows:  (a) A genomic sequence for human ADAM21 (AL391223.4) has the same sequence in this region as AF158644. (b) Mouse ADAM21 (AF251559 and AK014827) encodes a metalloprotease active site sequence (HELGHTFGMKHD).

12. The Strongylocentrotus purpuratus protein sequence encoded by AY029303 is most similar to ADAM12, but it is  not yet clear whether it is the sea urchin ortholog of ADAM12. 

13. It is not known whether AB070079 and AB071074 are macaque ADAM4 pseudogenes. ~10587 - 12574 of AL357153 encodes part of a human ADAM4-like pseudogene, as does 31430 - 33492 of AL160191. The human pseudogene AF158638 maps to AL357153.

14.  Sequences for additional Drosophila ADAMs have recently been deposited:  AE003705, AE003500, AE003772. Sequences for ADAMs from C. elegans (e.g., see ADAMs 10 and 14) and C. Briggsae (e.g., CAE63097, CAE66973, CAE69554, and CAE70280) have also been deposited.

15. AK093400 likely encodes human ADAM 6 but the sequence needs verification.

16. The genomic sequence, AL831745, likely encodes zebrafish ADAM 8.

17. The sequences for mouse ADAMs 36-40 are predictions from genomic sequences. See Puente et al.2003 for a discussion.