RESEARCH INTERESTS
Ozone deposition processes
Ground-level
ozone is formed through complex photochemical reactions entailing
nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. Ozone is an
important atmospheric constituent because at elevated concentrations it
can perniciously impact human health and vegetation, and influence the
energy balance of the troposphere. In my laboratory, we have
investigated the mechanisms controlling ozone deposition to forest
ecosystems. The field studies examined how atmospheric processes such
as turbulence and stability regimes affect the transfer of ozone from
the lower atmosphere to forests. These investigations were the first to
employ micrometeorological methods to derive in situ ozone
fluxes to terrestrial surfaces. One of the features uncovered in my
research was that the ozone deposition process was enhanced when
receptors were wet due to condensation or precipitation. Subsequent
research, under laboratory conditions, revealed that the water-foliage
interactions dictated how readily ozone can be taken up by surface
wetness. In acid-rain prone environments with forests dominated by red
maples (whose leaves exude ascorbic acid, which reacts instantaneously
with ozone), substantial ozone flux could be experienced due to the
co-deposition of sulfur dioxide (which, once in solution, can become a
strong ozone sink). Results of these field and laboratory studies were
later introduced in a one-dimensional modeling system to investigate
ozone deposition to forests. Prior to this research, most numerical
models ignored ozone deposition in response to surface wetness. This
paradigm was changed as a result of my investigations. Recently, I have
participated in the field campaigns of the Large scale
Biosphere-Atmosphere (LBA) experiment in Brazil (1999) and the Polar
Sunrise Experiment (2000) in Canada to continue my research on the
processes driving surface ozone deposition. In Brazil, my graduate
students and I investigated the influence of deforestation on ozone
dynamics and deposition. The overall conclusion of such studies
was that if the Amazon rainforest is eliminated and transformed into
pastures, then the ozone sink can be reduced by as much as 30% (meaning
that ozone levels close to the ground could increase with time). And in
the Arctic, where ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer can be
completely but episodically removed during the polar sunrise, results
indicate that the snowpack represents an important ozone sink. This is
in response to the snowpack serving as storage of materials that, after
the polar sunrise, become photochemically active and produce
ozone-scavenging species. Ozone deposition studies are being
pursued at remote environments such as the boreal forests of Canada,
mangrove forests in the Florida Everglades, and the remi-arid regions
of New Mexico.
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