Anthropology 588
Analytical Methods in Archaeology
Reading List
Last Update: 1.22.02

1. [1.22] Introduction: Univariate EDA, Excel, and SAS



2. [1.29] More Univariate EDA, Descriptive Statistics.

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapters 1-4 (pp.1- 47).
  • Cleveland 1993, Chapter 2, Univariate data. (pp. 17-85).
  • Delwiche and Slaughter 1998, Chapter 1 (pp. 1-21).

Recommended:

  • Drennan 1996, Chapter 1, Batches of numbers; Chapter 2, The level or center of a batch; Chapter 3, The spread or dispersion of a batch; Chapter 4, Comparing batches; Chapter 5, The Shape or distribution of a batch; Chapter 6, Categories (pp. 3-76).

Applications:

  • David P. Braun
    1983 Pots as tools. In Archaeological Hammers and Theories, edited by James Moore and Arthur S. Keene, pp. 107-134. Academic Press, New York.
  • Eerkens, J., and R. L. Bettinger
    2001 Techniques for Assessing Standardization in Artifact Assemblages: Can We Scale Material Variability? American Antiquity 66(3):493-504.

3. [2.5 ] Probability, Probability Distributions, Sampling

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapters 5-6 (pp.48-103).
  • Sokal and Rohlf 1995, Chapter 5-5.2, Introduction to probability distrubutions: binomial and poisson (pp.61-80); Chapter 6-6.6, The normal probability distribution (pp. 98-115).
  • Friendly n.d., Introduction to SAS/IML Sections 1, 2,3, and 5 http://www.psych.yorku.ca/lab/sas/iml.htm

Recommended:

  • Drennan 1996, Chapter 7, Samples and populations; Chapter 8 Different samples from the same population (pp.79-110).

4. [2.12] Estimation, Confidence Limits and Hypothesis Tests

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapters 5-6 (pp.48-103) - again.
  • Sokal and Rohlf 1995, Chapter 7-7.6, Estimation and hypothesis testing ( pp. 127-152).

Recommended:

  • Drennan 1996, Chapters 9, Confidence and population means; Chapter 10, Categories and population proportions; Chapter 11, Comparing two sample means ( pp.111-166).

5. [2.19] Bivariate EDA, Regression, Residuals, Loess

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapters 8-9 (pp.127-181).
  • Cleveland 1993, Chapter 3-3.9, Bivariate data, (pp.87-145).

Recommended:

  • Drennan 1996, Chapter 14, Relating one measurement variable to another measurement variable. (pp. 203-226).

Applications:

  • Schreiber, Katharina J., and Keith W. Kintigh.
    1996 A Test of the Relationship between Site Size and Population. American Antiquity 61(3): 573-579.
  • Dohm, Karen
    1990 Effect of population nucleation on House Size for Pueblos in the AmericanSouthwest. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9:201-239.
  • Kelly, Robert L.
    1995 The Foraging Spectrum. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. Chapter 3, Foraging and subsistence (pp.65-110).

6. [2.26] The General Linear Model: Multiple Regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapter 10 (pp.182-215).
Recommended:

  • Drennan 1996, Chapters 11 and 12 (pp.149-184). Note: This is the classical treatment of ANOVA.

7. [3.5] Correlation and Association

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapter 7 (pp.104-126).

Recommended:

  • Drennan 1996, Chapter 13,comparing proportions of different samples (pp.185-203); Chapter 15, Relating ranks (pp. 227-236).

[3.12] Spring Break

8. [3.19] Distance, Similarity, and Mantel Methods

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapter 11 (pp. 216-234)
  • Manly 1994, Chapter 2 (pp. 18-26), Chapter 5 (pp.57-75)

Recommended:

  • Cowgill, George L.
    1990 Why Pearson's r is not a good similarity coefficient for comparing collections. American Antiquity 55(3): 512-520.
  • Legendre and Legendre 1998, Chapter 7, Ecological resemblance (pp.248-302).
  • Manly 1997, Chapter 9, Distance matrices and spatial data. (pp.172-201).

Applications:

  • Neiman, Fraser D.
    1995 Stylistic variation in evolutionary perspective: inferences from decorative diversity and interassemblage distance in Illinois Woodland ceramic assemblages. American Antiquity 60(1):7-36.
  • Pierce, Christopher
    1998 Theory, measurement, and explanation: variable shapes in Poverty Point Objects. In Unit Issues in Archaeology, edited by Ann F. Ramenofsky and Anastasia Steffen, pp.163-190. Utah University Press, Salt Lake City.

9. [3.26] Spatial Autocorrelation and Interpolation.

Required:

  • Burrough, Peter A. and Rachel A. McDonnell
    1998, Principles of Geographic Information Systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • Chapter 5, Creating continuous surfaces from point data (pp. 98-131).
    • Chapter 6, Optimal interpolation using geostatistics (pp.132-161).

10. [4.2] Distances (again) and Cluster Analysis.

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapter 11, (pp. 234-263).
  • Manly 1994, Chapter 9, (pp.128-145).

Recommended:

  • Baxter 1994, Chapters 7, Cluster analysis the main ideas; Chapter 8, Cluster analysis -some problems (pp.140-184).

Applications (Intrasite spatial analysis):

  • Gregg, Susan, Keith W. Kintigh, and Robert Whallon
    1991 Linking ethnoarchaeological interpretation and archaeological data: The sensitivity of spatial analytical methods to post-depositional disturbance. In The Archaeological Interpretation of Spatial Patterns, edited by Ellen Kroll and T. Douglas Price, pp. 149-196. Plenum, New York.
  • Whallon, Robert W.
    1984 Unconstrained clustering for the analysis of spatial distributions in archaeology. In Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, edited by Harold J. Hietala, pp. 242-277. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Applications (Sourcing)

  • Baxter, M.J.
    1999 Detecting multivariate outliers in artefact compositional data. Archaeometry 41:321-38.
  • Baxter, M.J.
    2001 Statistical modeling of artifact compositional data. Archaeometry 43(1):131-147.
  • Glassock, Michael D.
    1992 Characterization of archaeological ceramics at MURR by neutron activation analysis an multivariate statistics. In Chemical Characterization of Ceramic Pastes in Archaeology, edited by Hector Neff, pp. 11-26. Prehistory Press, Madison.

11. [4.9] Diversity

Required:

  • Baxter, M.J.
    2001 Methodological issues in the study of assemblage diversity. American Antiquity 66(4):715-725.

Applications:

  • Braun, David P.
    1985 Ceramic decorative diversity and Illinois Woodland regional integration. In Decoding Prehistoric Ceramics, edited by Ben A. Nelson, pp.128-153. Southern Illinois University Press Carbondale.
  • Neiman, Fraser D.
    1995 Stylistic variation in evolutionary perspective: inferences from decorative diversity and interassemblage distance in Illinois Woodland ceramic assemblages. American Antiquity 60(1):7-36.
  • Shennan, S.J. and J.R. Wilkenson
    2001 Ceramic style change and neutral evolution: a case study from Neolithic Europe. American Antiquity 66(4) 577-593.
  • Grayson, Donald K. and Francoise Delpeche
    1998 Changing diet breadth in the early Upper Paleolithic of Southwestern France. Journal of Archaeological Science 25:1119-1129.

12. [4.16] Principal Components, Multidimensional Scaling, Principle Coordinates

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapter 12, (pp. 265-307)
  • Manly 1994, Chapter 6 (pp. 76-106), Chapter 11 (pp. 168-182).

Recommended:

  • Baxter 1994, Chapter 3, Principal component analysis- the main ideas; Chapter 4, Principal component analysis- specialized topics (pp.48-94).

Applications:

  • Deboer, Warren R, Keith W. Kintigh, and Arthur Rostoker
    1996 Ceramic Seriation and Site Reoccupation in Lowland South America. Latin American Antiquity 7(3):263-278.

13. [4.23] Correspondence Analysis and Seriation

Required:

  • Shennan 1997, Chapter 13 (pp.308-360)
  • Baxter 1994, Chapter 5, Correspondence analysis-- the main ideas (pp.100-109)

Recommended:

  • Baxter 1994, Chapter 6, Correspondence analysis -- extentions(pp.110-139)

Applications:

  • Duff, Andrew
    1996 Ceramic Microseriation: Types or Attributes?. American Antiquity 61(1): 89-101.
  • Neiman, Fraser D.and Nat Alcock
    1995 Archaeological seriation by correspondence analysis: an application to historical documents. History and Computing 7:1-21.

14 [4.30] Correspondence Analysis (2)

Required:

  • Manly 1994, Chapter 12 (pp.183-207).
  • Madsen, Torsten
    1988, Multivariate Statistics and Archeology. In Multivariate Archaeology: Numerical Approaches in Scandanavian Archaeology. pp. 7-27. Åarhus University Press, Åarhus.
  • Legendre and Legendre 1998, Chapter 9.4-4 and 9.4-5 Correspondence analysis (pp./462-475.

Recommended:

  • ter Braak, C. J. F. & Prentice, I. C.
    1988 A theory of gradient analysis. Advances in Ecological Research 18, 271-317.