- "Prevalence of hip
dysplasia according to official radiographic screening, among 31 breeds
of dogs in France" by JP Genevois, D Remy, E Viguier, C Carozzo,
F Collard, T Cachon, P Maitre, and D Fau. In: Veterinary and Comparative
Orthopaedics and Traumatology. This 14-year retrospective study
of 31 breeds of dogs in France found that the Siberian Husky had the
lowest rate of hip dysplasia at 3.8%. The investigators also found that
the prevalence of hip dysplasia in fifteen breeds had had a significant
decrease during the study period.
- "Independent origin
and restricted distribution of RPGR deletions causing XLPRA" by
B Zangerl, JL Johnson, GM Acland and GD Aguirre. In: Journal of
Heredity July 2007, volume 98, p 526-30. Haplotype analysis
of 6 different canidae looking for an interval connected to a form of
X-linked progressive retinal atrophy in dogs suggested that the mutation
is a fairly late development in the affected breeds, thus probably limited
in distribution to the breeds in which it has been found (Siberian Husky
and Samoyed).
- "Siberian Husky: Snow
Angel" by unknown author. In: Dog Fancy, December
2004. Featured breed profile article.
- Canine Inherited
Disorders Database, "Siberian
Husky" by Alice Crook, BSc, DVM, Brian Hill, DVM, MS, DACVIM,
and Sue Dawson, BA, PhD. Joint project of the Sir James Dunn Animal
Welfare Centre at the Atlantic Veterinary College, the University of
Prince Edward Island, and the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association,
1998, rev 2004. This website is included as a rare electronic resource
in this bibliography generally confined to print resources because it
is authoritative, timely, and important. A listing of genetic diseases
to which the breed is prone.
- "Adrenal steroid hormone
concentrations in dogs with hair cycle arrest (Alopecia X) before and
during treatment with melatonin and mitotane" by LA Frank, KA Hnilica
and JW Oliver. In: Veterinary Dermatology, October 2004,
vol 15, p 278-284. Report on a study evaluating the affect of intermediate
adrenal steroid hormones in neutered dogs with Alopecia X who are being
treated with melatonin and mitotane. Dogs in the study included 23 Pomeranians,
three Keeshonden, two Miniature
Poodles, and a Siberian Husky.
- "Prevalence of the
breed-related glaucomas in pure-bred dogs in North America" by
KN Gelatt and EO MacKay. In: Veterinary Ophthalmology,
March-April 2004, vol 7, p 97-111.
- "Prevalence of the
breed-related glaucomas in pure-bred dogs in North America" by
Kirk N. Gelatt and Edward O. MacKay. In: Veterinary Ophthalmology,
March 2004, volume 7, issue 2, pg 97. A retrospective study of instances
of glaucomas in dogs, with data collected over an eight year period
for breed, gender, and age of onset. While glaucoma appears to occur
in most breeds at a rate similar to that in humans, the rate in some
breeds is significantly higher, with 22 breeds showing a prevalence
of glaucoma greater than 1%. This concentration of glaucomas indicates
a possible genetic basis. Among the breeds with the highest rate of
glaucoma was the Siberian Husky, at 1.88%, with a predominance of bitches.
- "Juvenile laryngeal
paralysis in three Siberian Husky x Alaskan Malamute puppies" by
ZS Polizopoulou, AF Koutinas, GC Papadopoulos and MN Saridomichelakis.
In: The Vetinary Record, 15 November 2003, vol 153, p
624-627. Three three-month old puppies from a single litter showed a
depletion of motor neurons, neuronal degeneration and mild gliosis,
resulting in laryngeal paralysis.
- "Retrospective evaluation
of sex hormones and steroid hormone intermediates in dogs with alopecia"
by LA Frank, KA Hnilica, BW Rohrbach and JW Oliver. In: Veterinary
Dermatology, April 2003, vol 14, p 91-97. Report of a seven-and-a-half-year
study to determine if steroid hormone aberrations are involved with
alopecia in dogs who do not have hypothyroidism or hyperadrenocosticism.
276 dogs of 54 breeds were tested, and 73% had at least one steroid
hormone level higher than the normal range. Of these, Keeshonden,
Pomeranians and Siberian Huskies
stood out with a high incidence of aberrant results, while the breeds
with the lowest incidence of elevated hormone levels were Chow
Chows, Samoyeds and Malamutes.
The authors concluded that alopecia may not be connected to steroid
hormone levels.
- Complete Owner's
Manual to the Northern Breeds by Margaret H. Bonham. Barrons,
2001. An introduction to the spitz breeds of the Northern type, including
the Siberian Husky.
- "Haemophilia A in
a litter of Siberian Huskies" by P Clark, C Hooper, and M Macdonald.
In: New Zealand Veterinary Journal, April 2000, vol 48,
p 60-62. The males in a litter of Siberian Huskies had a hereditary
coagulation defect of low factor VIII concentration.
- "The feeding of Dutch
sled dogs in training" [title translated] by L Ebing and AC Beynen.
Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde, 1 December 1999, volume
124, issue 23, pg 698-701. The authors evaluated the diets used by five
mushers for their dogs, using a 20-kg Siberian Husky as their "average
dog". Composition calculations and chemical analysis showed that
the diet was nutritionally adequate and that the energy content of the
rations was up to 50% higher than a non-working dog would require for
maintenance; however, they determined that the proportions of macronutrients
was not optimal for extreme endurance running because the rations had
a relatively low fat content and a high content of carbohydrates. In
Dutch.
- "Benign familial hyperphosphatasemia
in Siberian Huskies" by DF Lawler, DG Keltner, WE Hoffman, RF Nachreiner,
RL Hegstad, PA Herndon and BJ Fischer. In: The American Journal
of Veterinary Research, May 1996, volume 57, issue 5, pg 612-7.
Eight litters of Siberian Husky puppies were given physical examinations
and hematologic and serum biochemical analyses at 11 and 16 weeks. Diet,
growth, health, pedigree data and skeletal radiogrpahs were also evaluated.
Of 42 puppies, 17 had significantly high serum alkaline phosphatase
values, up to five times higher than the values in unaffected puppies,
both siblings and unrelated. From the data, it was deduced that the
condition, similar to persistent familial hyperphosphatasemia in humans,
is genetic and autosomal.
- "CKC 'Doesn't Know
What to Do' About New Siberia Import Dog" by J. Jeffrey Bragg.
Siberian Husky Club of Canada Newsletter, March-April
1995. The author details his experience in unsuccessfully trying to
register with the CKC a Siberian Husky imported from Siberia.
- The Atlas of Dog
Breeds of the World by Bonnie Wilcox and Chris Walkowicz. TFH
Publications; 5th edition, 1995. A survey of over 500 breeds of dog,
including many spitzes, with excellent photography.
- "XLPRA: A canine retinal
degeneration inherited as an X-linked trait" by GM Aeland, SH Blanton,
B Hershfield and GD Aguiree. In: American Journal of Medical Genetics,
1 August 1994, volume 52, issue 1, pg 27-33. In this breeding study
of a newly-described form of retinal degeneration found in the Siberian
Husky, an affected Siberian Husky male was outcrossed to three phenotypically-normal
Beagles. Two daughters of those outcrossings were bred to a phenotypically-normal
male Beagle, producing affected males. Subsequent inbreedings produced
further affected puppies of both sexes, demonstrating an X-linked mode
of inheritance. The condition was thus named X-linked progressive retinal
atrophy, or XLPRA; it is the first retinal degeneration to be assigned
to an identified canine chromosome, and is a good candidate for use
of positional cloning to identify the responsible gene locus.
- "Comparative histopathology
of pemphigus foliaceus and superficial folliculitis in the dog"
by KA Kuhl, FS Shofer and MH Goldschmidt. In: Veterinary Pathology,
January 1994, vol 31, p 19-27. Report of a comparative study of 50 cases
of pemphigus foliaceus and 47 cases of superficial folliculitis. Breeds
affected with pemphigus foliaceus included: Akita,
Chow Chow, Collie,
Siberian Husky, Scottish
Terrier, Chinese Shar- Pei,
"Spitz" and Shetland
Sheepdog. An increased risk of developing this disease was noted
in the Akita, Chow
Chow, Chinese Shar- Pei
and Collie.
- Eyewitness Handbooks:
Dogs: The Visual Guide to Over 300 Dog Breeds From Around the World
by David Alderton, photography by Tracy Morgan. DK, 1993. Capsule introductions
to many breeds, including the Siberian Husky, with photographs: something
of a dog-watcher's guide with no detailed information.
- "Platelet
aggregation and dense granule secretion in a colony of dogs with spontaneous
hypertension" by JS Thomas, MF McConnell, TG Bell and GA Padgett.
In: Journal of Hypertension, December 1992, volume 10,
issue 12, pg 1493-8. A colony of Siberian Huskies (see "Primary
hypertension in a colony of dogs") with canine hereditary essential
hypertension was used as a model for studies on the platelet defect
identified with essential hypertension in humans, and the defect was
found to be similar.
- "Genetic polymorphism
and close linkage of two plasma protein loci in dogs" by RK Juneja
and T Shibata. In: Animal Genetics, 1992, volume 23, issue
2, pg 143-50. Two codominant, autosomal alleges (F and S) were found
in a study of an unidentified plasma protein (PA4) in 967 dogs of 43
breeds. Interestingly, many middle- and north-eastern Asian breeds (Akita,
Alaskan Malamute, Chow
Chow, Samoyed, Siberian
Husky, and Tibetan Terrier) showed a substantial frequency of the S
allele, while a majority of European breeds carried only the F allele.
The PA4 locus was found to be closely linked to the plasma pretransferrin
1 locus (PRT1), but the significance of this protein remained to be
determined.
- "Eye diseases in Siberian
Husky dogs" by RG Stanley and JR Blogg. In: Australian Veterinary
Journal, May 1991, volume 68, issue 5, pg 161-2. Full ophthalmic
examination performed on 40 Siberian Huskies revealed that 50% had some
abnormality of the iridocorneal angle, though only in one was it severe
enough to require treatment, and the authors noted an association between
this problem and blue eyes. 25% had excessive medical caruncular hairs,
20% had distichia, 20% had absence, displacement or narrowing of the
nasolacrimal puncta, 5% had bilateral corneal crystalline opacities,
and 5% had unilateral areas of lateral corneal lipidosis.
- "Corneal dystrophy
in the dog and cat" by PL Cooley and PF Dice II. In: The
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice,
May 1990, volume 20, issue 3, pg 681-92. This article reviews forms
of corneal dystrophies, noting that elderly Siberian Huskies have been
known to have vision loss due to stromal dystrophies.
- "Primary
hypertension in a colony of dogs" by FE Tippett, GA Padgett , G
Eyster, G Blanchard and T. Bell. In: Hypertension, January
1987, volume 9, issue 1, pg 49-58. A colony of Siberian Huskies with
a high incidence of hypertension was bred from a Siberian Husky bitch
with essential hypertension, demonstrating a genetic link. Results of
examinations were compared with five unrelated Siberian Huskies with
normal blood pressure. A later study compared
platelet defects in the hypertensive dogs of this colony with the platelets
of humans with essential hypertension.
- "Degenerative myelopathy
in a family of Siberian Husky dogs" by P. Bichsel, M. Vandevelde,
J. Lang, and S Kull-Hachler. In: The Journal of the American Veterinary
Association, 1 November 1983, volume 83, issue 9, pg 998-1000,
965. A case report on three closely-related Siberian Huskies with chronic
progressive paresis and ataxia with muscle atrophy in the hindlimbs.
No abnormalities of the spine were found, but histologic examination
revealed disseminated degeneration of the white matter, particularly
in thoracic segments, similar to the effects of degenerative myelopathy
in old, large dogs. While the cause of the condition was unknown at
the time of writing, the close relationship of the three dogs being
reported on suggested a genetic link.
- Bogen om Spidshunde
by Linda Sørensen. Clausen Bøger, 1983. Introduction and
owner's manual to dogs of the spitz family, including the Siberian Husky.
In Danish.
- Dogs by Jeanne
Eichling, illustrated by Roy Moore. Mosaic, 1982. This miniature 3-volume
illustrated dog encyclopedia features 24 breeds, including the Siberian
Husky.
- "Oral eosinophilic
granuloma in Siberian Husky dogs" by BR Madewell, AA Stannard,
LT Pulley and VG Nelson. In: Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association, 15 October 1980, volume 177, issue 8, pg
701-3. Changes in the lateral and ventral surfaces of the tongues of
six young Siberian Huskies were chiefly characterized by necrobiotic
collagen. Hereditary and immunologic factors were suspected in the pathogenesis.
- "Crystalline corneal
opacities in the Siberian Husky" by AD MacMillan, GO Waring III,
WL Spangler, and AM Roth. In: Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association, 15 October 1979, volume 175, issue 8, pg
829-32. 14% of 560 7-month- to 12-year-old Siberian Huskies examined
in opththalmology screening clinics were found to have bilaterally symmetric
opacities. Frequency of occurrence and density increased with age. Though
several affected dogs were closely related, a specific pattern of inheritance
could not be established.
- All About the Spitz
Breeds by David Cavill. Pelham, 1978. An introduction to several
of the many spitz breeds and varieties, including the Siberian Husky,
and illustrated with excellent color photographs.
- "Spontaneous laryngeal
disease in the canine" by J. O'Brien. In: Laryngoscope,
December 1975, volume 85, issue 12 part 1, pg 2023-5. This report describes
types of spontaneous laryngeal disease and mentions that congenital
aralysis of the laryngeal musculature has been seen in the Siberian
Husky.
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