Hellene: Greek
Hellenization: 'Greekification'
Philhellene: Friendly to Greece and/or Greeks

Others will cast more tenderly in bronze
Their breathing figures, I can well believe,
And bring more lifelike portraits out of marble;
Argue more eloquently, use the pointer
To trace the paths of heaven accurately
And accurately foretell the rising stars.
Roman, remember by your strength to rule
Earth's people--for your arts are to be these:
To pacify, to impose the rule of law,
To spare the conquered, battle down the proud.
            Vergil, Aeneid VI 1145-1154

280s War with Pyrrhus
240  Greek plays produced in Rome
184  Censorship of Cato the Elder
167  Crates lectures
161  Expulsion of rhetoricians, philosophers
155  Embassy of 3 Athenian philosophers
146   L. Mummius sacks Corinth
1st c. Hellenization in full swing

1) Influence, Assimilation, Borrowing

Vanquished Greece took her conqueror captive
        -Horace

Early influences (< Magna Graecia)

Historiography: Fabius Pictor, fl. 216 BC

Philosophy

• Epicureanism: Lucretius
• Stoicism: Posidonius -> Cato the Younger
• Pythagoreanism & Neo-Pythagoreanism
• Numa (7th c. BC)
• Nigidius Figulus (1st c. BC)

• Greek tutors & personal philosophers
• Athens as university town

• Hellenistic kingship & ruler worship

• T. Pomponius Atticus (110-32 BC)
• Tiberius

Literature

• Livius Andronicus (fl. c. 220), Odissia
• Greek new comedy -> Terence
• Greek tragedy -> Ennius, Pacuvius
• Sappho, Hellenistic poetry -> Catullus

• Sculpture: originals & marble copies
• Painting: imitations & mosaic copies
• Architecture:
• Greek marble vs. Italian tufa
• Doric, Ionic & Corinthian capitals

3). Rivalry ("X is the Roman ______")

Cicero, Republic (< Plato)
  Philippics (< Demosthenes)

4). Transmutation

• Plautus ~ Gk. New Comedy
• Horace's Odes ~ Sappho, Alcaeus
• Ara Pacis ~ Elgin Marbles etc.
• Vergil's Aeneid ~ Homeric epics
• Hadrian's Pantheon ~ Greek temples