Maintained by Gregory Hays, University of Virginia

INTRODUCTION. This bibliography is still in progress and was last updated on January 11, 2012 (see foot of page for information on recent updates). Note that some items to be found in the bibliography of J. Préaux are not listed below, either because the listing in Préaux is erroneous or because the mention of Fulgentius is not substantial enough to warrant inclusion. Click here for a (not yet complete) list of these excluded items. J-STOR links have been added for entries where available; note that these will only work if your institution subscribes to J-STOR. Google Books links have been added where a full-view copy is available.]

Fulgentius's works are abbreviated as follows: Mit. = Mitologiae; Cont. = Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae; Serm. = Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum; Aet. = De aetatibus mundi et hominis.

Additions and corrections to the bibliography are very welcome. Attention is drawn in particular to Section V below (Work in Progress).

The bibliography is organized as follows:

I. Text and Transmission

• Texts, Commentaries etc.
• Concordance
• Translations
• Manuscript Tradition
• Textual Criticism

• General
• Date and Identity
• Language and Style
• Sources and Citations

• Mitologiae
• Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae
• Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum
• De Aetatibus Mundi et Hominis
• [Super Thebaiden]

• General (or dealing with more than one work)
• Mitologiae
• Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae
• Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum
• De Aetatibus Mundi et Hominis
• [Super Thebaiden]

V. Work in Progress

I. Text and Transmission

Text, Commentaries etc.

Pio, G.B. Fulgentius. Enarrationes allegoricae fabularum (Milan, 1498).

Text of Mit. and Serm. (editio princeps of both); Mit. has extensive commentary; no commentary for Serm. [See also Venuti]

Locher, Jacob. ("Philomusus"). Fulgentius Placiades [sic] in Mythologiis (Augsburg, 1521).

Muncker, Thomas., Mythographi Latini (1681) [Google Books]

Text (Mit., Cont. and Serm.) with commentary; the latter is silent on many points that require explication, but contains much useful material.

Reprints Muncker's ed. with occasional additions (clearly differentiated).

The 1970 reprint has an updated bibliography by  J. Préaux, but is otherwise unchanged.

• Anon. Archiv für lateinischen Lexikographie und Grammatik 11 (1898) 294-5. Notes that the preface of the De Aetatibus, like the first chapter, eschews A.
• Lejay, P. Révue critique d'histoire et de littérature 47 (1899), 284-287. Includes a note on the spellings quibus (p. 76, 5) and quilisma (p. 74, 17; 75, 2).
• Wessner, Paul. Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift 19 (1899), 558-562.
• Wessner, Paul. Wochenschrift für klassische Philologie 16 (1899), 626-629.
• Weyman, C. Literarisches Centralblatt 50 (1899), 923-3. Includes an important list of loci similes.[Click here for text]
• Ziehen, J. Deutsche Literaturzeitung 20 (1899), 902-4. [Click here for text]

Manca, Massimo. ed. Concordantia Fulgentiana , 2 vols. (Hildesheim, 2003).

Based on Helm's text, and keyed to his page and line numbers (with book numbers for Mit. and Aet.). Also includes a reverse word-index and statistics for recurring phrases.

Translations

Whitbread, L.G., tr., Fulgentius the Mythographer (Columbus, Ohio, 1971).

       The introduction and notes are unreliable but not wholly without value. The "translation" is all but worthless.

       Reviews:

• [Anon.], Speculum 48 (1973), 436. (Boilerplate). [J-STOR link]
  
• Bruère, R.T. Classical Philology 68 (1973), 143-5. (Damning). [J-STOR link]
  
• Stokes, L.C. Classical World 69 (1975), 153f. (Laudatory but vaguely uneasy).

Cf. also under individual works below.

Manuscript tradition

[NB: this section does not include catalogue entries for individual manuscripts. A full handlist of manuscripts by G. Hays is in progress].

Delisle, Léopold. "Un ancien manuscrit des oeuvres de Fulgentius Planciades," Journal des Savants (1899), 126-9.

On fragments of a Fulgentian MS used as binding material in a manuscript from the abbey of Saint-Amand.

Discusses Cremona, Biblioteca Governativa MS 129 which contains a text of Mit. along with Alberic, Giovanni del Virgilio on Ovid and commentaries on Vergil and Lucan by Folchino de Borfoni. The text of Mit. is discussed at 103-109. It belongs to Helm's [beta] group, and is close to G and E but apparently independent of both, and perhaps copied from a MS close to H and M. Includes partial collation.

Two sections: 1. De Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii aetate et scriptis; 2. De artis criticae praesidiis. Lists MSS of Mitologiae and Continentia, and attempts a stemma for each. Concludes with a brief note on the ending of the Continentia (not unfinished as Zink believed). [A third installment promised 'in proximo fasciculo' seems never to have appeared].

Describes Kassel Landsbibliothek theol. fol. 49, 120v-153r, a 10th c. Fulda MS not known to Helm and probably copied from the same exemplar as Helm's T.

The "lost work" Fulgentii de musica excerptum ex libro de ficticiis poetarum, identified by K. Sittl from a medieval library catalogue and mentioned in the 6th ed. of Teuffel's history of Roman literature is not, in fact lost, and turns out to be merely an excerpt from Book III of the Mitologiae. [This correction had already been made by R. Reitzenstein; see below].

Notes on various Fulgentian MSS, especially with regard to dating.

Description and collation of a previously unknown MS of Serm.

Collation of a 10th c. Berlin MS of the Serm. (see further Wessner, 77). Refutes Lersch's theory of a double recension and argues that the dedication to Catus found in some MSS is a simple scribal error [Click here for text].

On the history of a MS of the Serm.

The second of the MSS listed contains a condensed version of De Aetatibus on fol. 10r-15r.

Pp. 37-39 discuss Paris BN 6503, which contains Mit. on fol. 40-47.

Item 3 in this miscellany reports on St. Gall Stiftsbibliothek 397 [s.X], which includes a condensed version of the Serm. [see further Wessner 79].

[Cf. also Ellis , Pennisi (1963) below]

Textual Criticism

Bücheler, Franz. "De idiotismis quibusdam Latinis," Rheinisches Museum 59 (1904), 34-41 = his Kleine Schriften (Leipzig, 1915-30), iii. 310-316.

Three passages of F. (Serm. 12; 57; Mit. p. 10. 15) are discussed at p. 36f. = 311f.

Textual notes on Mitologiae. Also includes a partial collation of two Bodleian Mss of the Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum.

At Aet. p. 177. 11 read Augustis for the MSS' angustiis.

At Mit. p. 13. 21 read me iacentem reperiens marcentia languore somni [lepido] lumina rapido <quodam> atque admodum splendifico intermicanti<s> [quodam] sui voltus coruscamine perpulit.

Notes on various passages from Mit. and Aet. and on the title of Cont.

Notes on Mit. p. 9. 15ff.; Cont. p. 94. 11ff.; Aet. p. 161. 13ff.

Löfstedt, Einar. Coniectanea. Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der Antiken und Mittelalterlichen Latinität (Uppsala and Stockholm, 1950).

p. 115 n. 4 discusses Cont. p. 94. 13 iuvenalis aetas paterni vigoris respuit pondera. Emendation to rigoris is unnecessary; vigor in this sense is well-attested in Late Latin.

Helm's explanation of reptarent at Mit. p. 9. 23 is unconvincing; read reportarent with the corrector of M. At Cont. p. 84. 18 [misprinted as 64. 15] fragumen is merely a scribal slip for fragmen.

Includes a note on Aet. p. 131. 7 at 184-186. Plasberg's Rom<an>ae is ruled out by lipogrammatic considerations. Rather, the corrupt reading in V, sed et roora,  may conceal sedulo ore.

At Mit. p. 11. 10 for (non) aricinam read Nonacrinam (i.e. Callisto). [This conjecture had been anticipated by Ellis].

Includes a note on Mit. p. 67. 8: read et ille for the MSS' et ut.

General.

Articles in Reference Works, et sim.

Gersh, S. "Fulgentius (Fabius Planciades)" in R. Goulet, ed. Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques iii (Paris, 2000), 431-433.

Brief discussion focusing on Mit., Cont. and Serm. Agnostic on identity and date: "la necessité d'identifier les deux personnages [sc. mythographer and bishop] n'est pas encore établie." F's originality "réside dans le caractère condensé de son exposé et dans l'élaboration d'une allégorie systématique de l'Éneide."

Brief descriptions of works and bibliography. No judgment on identification with bishop ("heute wieder erwogen"). Cont. is credited with "pädagog. Absicht."

Mythographer and bishop receive separate entries: "Gegen die Identität spricht die Torheit des Mythographen, die dem Bischof kaum zuzutrauen ist."

Identification of mythographer and bishop is doubted; Super Thebaiden is ascribed to 12th or 13th c. In bibliography correct "Whitehead" to "Whitbread."

Martindale, J.R., ed. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2 (Cambridge, 1980).

The mythographer is Fulgentius 3."To judge by his names he was related to, if not identical with, the bishop of Ruspe, Fulgentius 2. ... perhaps flourished under Hilderic."

The entry for Fulgentius of Ruspe includes a brief appendix on the mythographer (p. 657), mentioning only Mit. and Cont. "Gli interessi che emergono dalle opere di Fulgenzio di Ruspe difficilmente possono essere posti in accordo con quelli del Fulgenzio neoplatonico [sic], nonostante che fossero entrambi cristiani; pertanto noi crediamo che sia opportuno mantenere distinte le due personalità."

Brief. Identification with bishop is "sehr unsicher."

Identity with the bishop "diskutiert"; Super Thebaiden "stammt eventuell ebenfalls von F."; other works briefly described and characterized. "Insgesamt ist F. um die Fruchtbarmachung griech.-röm. Bildung für eine christl. Erziehung bemüht."

Brief article offering nothing new. Identifies mythographer with bishop.

Article is unsigned, but is probably by Krüger.

       Substantial discussion including much original observation:

• I. Die Überlieferung. Description of works and manuscript tradition.
• II. Der Verfasser: Common characteristics of the mythographical works are allegorization and etymologizing, fantastic framing devices, and bogus citations; all share a bizarre latinity.
• III. Der Bischof Fulgentius. Identity of mythographer and bishop is strenuously defended. Stylistic grounds are alleged, viz. that "der Bischof ist genau der gleiche Wortjongleur wie der Mythograph" (224, with examples).
• IV. Quellen und Benützung des F.: Relationship with the First Vatican Mythographer is discussed; the latter is dependent on F. Brief discussion of medieval reception.

Souter, Alexander."Fulgentius, Fabius Planciades," Oxford Classical Dictionary , 1st ed. ed. M. Cary et al. (Oxford, 1949)

Brief descriptions of works (Super Thebaiden omitted), characterized as "silly" and "careless." Identification with bishop "is fairly widely held."

Amsler, Mark. Etymology and Grammatical Discourse in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 1989).

F. is discussed at pp. 123-124 and pp. 128-131 in ch. 2 ("Technical and Exegetical Grammar before Isidore"). Mythographer and Bishop are distinguished, but Super Thebaiden is assumed to be authentic. "Fulgentius' interpretation is situated ambivalently on the threshold between Christian literacy and pagan paideia ... and his writings ... are motivated by the attempt to restore the intellectual ideal of the Empire through the discourse of grammar." (124). "By the fifth century, secular grammatical techniques were more props than threats to many intellectual Christians like Fulgentius living in a portion of the Roman empire conquered by the Vandals and other barbarians. The Aeneid is an opaque yet instructive text within a literacy program which perpetuates the old Roman virtues appropriated by upperclass Christians" (130f.).

André, Jacques and Jean Filliozat, L'Inde vue de Rome (Paris, 1986).

The passages in F. relating to India (Mit. p. 52. 20; 53. 9ff.; Aet. p. 165. 23ff.; 166. 16) are excerpted and translated on pp. 278-279.

Chapter 7 (pp. 65-72) deals with F. A brief and inconclusive history of the identity question is followed by summaries of the works. pp. 124-145 offer Italian translations of sample passages (Cont. p. 90. 20-93. 19; Mit. p. 4. 7-6. 6; Mit. p. 36. 1-40. 24).

F typifies a "Christian love of the past, even when associated with some of the external forms of pagan ceremony." Mistakenly credits F. with "an exposition of the first two books of Martianus Capella" (15).

F. is discussed in Chapter 3, "The Virgilian Hero in North Africa: Fulgentius the Grammarian and Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry" (95-128), and mentioned passim. Inane discussion with careless documentation (note misrepresentation of the views of Helm and Skutsch at 524 n. 8). A reference on p. 116 to the "thirty chapters" of Cont. reveals that the author's analysis is based on Whitbread's translation rather than the original.

Includes self-contained discussions of: 1) the Tacitus citation at Serm. 54 (125. 7ff.) (pp. 41-64);  and 2) "Cristianesimo neoplatonismo [sic] nel IV secolo: Fulgenzio e la Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae" (pp. 64-120). The author is a student of G. Pennisi and endorses the 4th c. dating proposed by the latter.

Discussion of F (identified with the bishop) on pp. 206-9. F is a pretentious fraud whose works point to a "sclérose de la culture" in late antiquity.

A post-structuralist reading. Fulgentius "separates language from its intended meaning ... his description of Minerva's iconography shows that any ... understanding must be fragmentary and incomplete. As a result, the structure of philosophical truth collapses, and a technique of association takes over the allegories. Fulgentius' treatment of the Aeneid marks the final stage in the collapse of meaning. By separating Virgil's explanation of the poem from his own, Fulgentius explores the wider consequences of an interpretive system that permits varieties of meaning" (32f.).

F is discussed briefly on pp. 8-9; p. 18 n. 22 offers supplementary material and bibliography, p. 19 n. 23 rejects the identification with the bishop. No novelties except the mystifying statement that "In [Cont.] läßt Fulgentius Vergil den versammelten neun Musen [sic] die Aeneis erläutern."

       General study of author and works. Includes chapters on:

• Date and Milieu
• Style
• Fulgentius and Allegory
• The Mitologiae: Structure and Sources
• Citations in Fulgentius
• The De Aetatibus;
• The Mythographer and the Bishop.

Discusses F's works as a product of the late antique educational system, with a brief survey of their later reception. An appendix questions the common identification of F. as a professional grammaticus.

Examines F.'s corpus against the background of other Vandal- and Byzantine-era African writers (including Dracontius, the Anthology poets and Corippus).

MacCoull, Leslie S.B. "Notes on Fulgentius," Mediterranean Studies 8 (1999), 31-38.

Suggests that the reference to "Dionisius in grecis articulationibus" (Cont. p. 97. 4) refers to Dionysius Exiguus's translation of Gregory of Nyssa De opificio hominis. Two other passages (the etymology of "Anchises" and reference to the descent of souls at 102. 10ff. and the reference to aural conception at Aet. p. 170. 22) have links to contemporary theological controversies in which Dionysius also had an interest. F's awareness of such issues may lend support to his identification with the Bishop.

Discusses various episodes in the De aetatibus in which drinking plays a thematic or metaphorical role: Cain and Abel (Aet. p. 136. 12); Crassus drinking molten gold (Aet. p. 169. 22ff.); Pharaoh's "drinking" of the Red Sea (Aet. p. 149, 11; p. 156, 5); the drunkenness of Noah (Aet. p. 137, 20ff.); Hannah's supposed drunkenness in the temple (Aet. p. 151. 20ff.). These episodes are further connected with the Metennia anecdote (Serm. 58; Aet. p. 168. 18ff.), the discussion of Dionysus in the Mitologiae (II. 12 p. 52, 16ff.), and Alexander's visit to Meroe (Aet. p. 166, 10) in an attempt to construct "una teoria dell' ebrietas in Fulgenzio." The negative associations of drinking in these passages are mutually reinforcing, while the greater complexity of the imagery in the De Aetatibus may suggest that it is a later work. In addition to its main argument, the article contains many valuable notes on individual passages and other useful material (e.g. the collection of Fulgentian references to the deadly sins at 241 n. 3).

[Summary coming soon].

Studies the three inset poems in Mitologiae and Continentia, giving a short commentary on each. Stresses that F's verse passages have to be read in the larger context in which they appear; their frivolous and self-consciously literary character is of a piece with F's project as a whole.

The Mitologiae prologue is discussed on pp. 134-147, opening of Cont. more briefly on pp. 147-9. "Es kann ... durchaus sein" (134) that the mythographer is identical with the bishop. Pabst reads the Mitologiae as a work in the tradition of the De Nuptiis, but with a Christian agenda. Primary focus is on F as an imitator of Martianus, with excellent analysis passim of structural and verbal echoes. Disagreement with Relihan sometimes verges on invective (e.g. 142 n. 245).

Brief treatment of F. at pp. 86-88 with summaries of four authentic works (no mention of Theb.). Possibility of identification with the Bishop left open.

Brief coverage of F. at p. 164f., among other late antique N. African authors.

Mit. and Cont. are discussed on pp. 104-112.

       A general treatment.

• I. Lebensverhältnisse des Schriftstellers (1-18). The mythographer (not to be identified with the bishop) wrote in Vandal Africa, probably under Huneric, and may have held a public chair of literature.
• II. Die litterarische Thätigkeit und Bedeutung des Fulgentius (18-36) Treatment of Mit., Cont., Serm. from a distinctly jaundiced perspective.
• III. Die Latinität des Fulgentius (37-62). Catalogues Grecisms and anomalous grammatical features.
• IV. Quellen und Citate des Autors (62-93) Divides citations into 4 categories: 1) Demonstrably genuine, 2) Probably genuine, 3) Demonstrably or Probably Bogus, 4) Those impossible to assess.

Brief characterization of Mit. and Cont. at p. 53.

Date and Identity.

Friebel, Otto. Fulgentius, der Mythograph und Bischof (Paderborn, 1911).

The introduction offers various grounds for identifying the mythographer with the bishop; the latter wrote Mit., Cont. and Serm. as a young man, and Aet. after entering monastic life. The bulk of the book assembles grammatical and stylistic features common to the two authors (as well as some confined to one or the other), with copious parallels from later Latin authors.

       Reviews:

• Bögel, Theodor. Wochenschrift für Klassische Philologie 1915 no. 41, 965-970 and no. 42, 994-1003. Extremely negative. Friebel assembles a great deal of material but "die grosse Masse desselben ist nicht geeignet, das zu beweisen, was sie beweisen soll." (967).
• Helm, K. [i.e. Rudolf.], Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift 32 (1912), 1680-8. Favorable, as confirming Helm's own attempt to identify mythographer and bishop. Offers a number of Apuleian parallels neglected by F; regrets F was unable to use Löfstedt's commentary on the Peregrinatio Aetheriae; takes issue briefly with 8 or 10 individual points.
• Polheim, Karl. Deutsche Literaturzeitung (1912), 1370-72. "Viel Material ist verarbeitet, doch vermisst man schwer jegliche Zusammenfassung. ... Das erlösende Wort hat Fr. nicht gesprochen."
  

Surveys the history of the problem and the arguments (biographical and linguistic) on both sides of the question. Concludes that the mythographer is familiar with Corippus's Johannis (written c. 550, well after the bishop's death). It follows that the two cannot be the same person. Appendices discuss the phrase mauricatos ... gressus (Mit. p. 6.1) and the name "Planciades" and offer a provisional list of hapax legomena in the mythographer.

Argues that the mythographer's works were written by the bishop as a young man. The mythographer's corpus is clearly the work of a brash young "Prahlhans" (111-115). Echoes of Orosius (116f.) and Dracontius (117-119) give a terminus post quem in the late 5th century. Boethius might provide a terminus ante quem if the Mitologiae prologue served as a model for the Consolation of Philosophy, but this is uncertain (119-121). The bishop fits all the criteria (126ff.)

Jungmann, Emil. "Die Zeit des Fulgentius," Rheinisches Museum 32 (1877) 564-577.

Krüger, Gustav. "Ferrandus und Fulgentius," Harnack-Ehrung (Leipzig, 1921) 219-231.

The last of the article's three sections (pp. 226-231) is devoted to "Der Mythograph und der Bischof". The author vigorously criticizes the arguments for the identification put forward by Skutsch and Friebel and expresses doubt that the mythographer's works could have been written by an author in his early twenties (as they must on Helm's dating).

Makes no claim to put forward no new evidence, but offers merely a "changement d'optique ... susceptible de contribuer à une révision de ce problème particulier, en faveur de l'identité des deux Fulgence" (94). Surveys the works attributed to the mythographer (94-98), and shows that they are the work of the same author, probably writing under Gunthamund (98-100). Evidence in favor of the identification is then put forward. The mythographer's works are attributed to the bishop in some manuscripts and the latter is more prone to have his works misattributed to others than vice versa (100). The silence of the bishop's earliest biographers (the Vita Fulgentii and Isidore) can be explained by their focus on the bishop's ecclesiastical career (101). Prudentius of Troyes and Sigebert of Gembloux attest to the identification and there is a "curieux témoignage de l'assimilation des deux Fulgence" in Paschasius Radbertus (101-103). The divergence in names can be explained by dismissing "Planciades" as corrupt (103). The difference in the character of the two writers' oeuvres is paralleled in other late antique literary figures (e.g. Boethius and Ennodius) (103-104); the differences in style can be explained away (104-105); both bishop and mythographer have the same (limited) familiarity with Greek (105). In sum, "il semble qu'il n'y a pas d'obstacle à admettre l'identité des deux Fulgence" (105).

The opening chapter contains a chronological survey of the debate over identification of the mythographer and bishop (3-22), which the author dismisses, with especially harsh words for Friebel (23-31).

Pp. 12-13 discuss F. as a pointer to Martianus's date. S. follows Helm in seeing in F. a contemporary and reader of Dracontius. Since F. cites Martianus, the latter can be no later than the 480s.

Identification of mythographer and bishop is firmly rejected at 179ff.

[Both Zink and Hays include chapters on date and identity]

Language and Style

Helm, Rudolf. "Einige sprachliche Eigentümlichkeiten des Mythographen Fulgentius," Archiv für lateinischen Lexikographie und Grammatik 11 (1898) 71-79.

Discusses various peculiar formations and semantic shifts in F.: incursio and incursus "error" (71-73); sedulitas < sedere (74f.); vagina < vagari (74f.); bractamentum < Gk. brekhein (75); robigare < rubigo (76f.); tempestivus "stormy" (76); flagitare "hin- und herwehen" (76f.); plusquam = plerumque (77-79)

General remarks on F's style (i. 1-5), followed by a catalogue of noteworthy lexical items (i. 6-27; ii. 1-14) and sections on nominal syntax (ii. 14-21) and prepositions (ii. 21-27). The Fortsetzung promised at ii. 27 would presumably have continued the discussion of syntax, but seems never to have appeared.

Sittl, Karl. Die lokalen Verschiedenheiten der lateinischen Sprache mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des afrikanischen Lateins. (Erlangen, 1882; rpt. Hildesheim, 1972).

F is among the authors dealt with in the chapter on "Das afrikanische Latein" (pp. 77-143); his style is briefly characterized at p. 89.

[Much material on language in Zink and Friebel (in catalogue form). Hays contains a chapter on style].

Sources and Citations

[Items listed in this section are general discussions or deal with multiple citations from a single author. See also under Individual Works below]

Baldwin, Barry. "Fulgentius and his Sources," Traditio 44 (1988) 37-57.

Collects the references to other authorities in Fulgentius and attempts to decide which are real, which fake. Discussion is handicapped by implicit petitio principii on the central issue and by unfamiliarity with the secondary literature.

Boys-Stones, George. "A Fragment of Carneades the Cynic?" Mnemosyne 53 (2000), 528-536. [J-STOR link]

Suggests that both the quotation from "Carneades in libro Telesiaco" at Cont. p. 88. 5 and the reference to Carneadis ... elleborum at Mit. p. 15. 2ff. may refer not to the well-known Academic philosopher, but to a Cynic philosopher of the same name mentioned by Eunapius (Vit. Soph. 2. 1. 5). Also addresses the alleged title of Carneades's work, suggesting that "Telesiacus" is most likely derived from the place-name Telesia, a town near Benevento.

Tiberianus the missing, prosimetrical Menippean link between Varro & Martianus, F. and Boethius. F. "was something of a fraud; many of the learned titles he quotes he had certainly never read, many never even existed ... It was only a rather small and eccentric selection of books he knew first hand, and one of them was certainly Tiberianus." (226). The extant Tiberianus poem 2 ('on gold') comes from the 'book on Socrates' quoted by F. at Cont. p. 97. 9 (221).

Brief discussion of F's citations at pp. 308-9.

Costanza, S. "Tre Frammenti di Nevio in Fulgenzio," Emerita 24 (1956) 302-310.

Costanza, S. "Le citazioni Plautine di Fulgenzio," Messana 4 (1955), 159-178.

[Not seen; not available in any U.S. library].

Includes the verse fragments of Petronius quoted by F.; general remarks on p. 5. F. "in all probability identical with the ... Bishop Fulgentius." Doubt about many of F's quotations does not extend to the Petronius citations.

F. is "the only Roman writer, so far as we know, who deliberately manufactured his evidence by inventing mythical authors." (149). Comparison is made to Aethicus Ister, the Anonymous Ravennas and Virgilius Maro Grammaticus.

Catalogues citations and allusions to ancient drama in Latin patristic literature, including those in F. Discussions of individual quotations add little to previous work (but cf. the Addenda for a significant note on Serm. 46); no reference is made to Pizzani's ed. of the Sermones.

Mead, G.R.S. Thrice-Greatest Hermes. Studies in Hellenistic Theosophy and Gnosis, vol. III (London and Benares, 1906)

P. 305 discusses F's citations from the Hermetic corpus.

F's citations from the Hermetic corpus are discussed at p. 210f.

Brief discussion of F. at p. 47 n. 122, accepting the identification of bishop and mythographer. pp. 85-87 discuss echoes of Dracontius in the De aetatibus.

F's imitation of the Pervigilium provides support for placing the composition of the latter in late 5th century North Africa.

Surveys the use of Lucan by Augustine, Orosius and later African authors. F's citations from Lucan are discussed on p. 66.

III. Individual Works

Mitologiae

Text

Helm, Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii V.C. Opera pp. 1-80.

Translations.

[Cf. Bertini (excerpts); Relihan, Ancient Menippean Satire (prologue)]

Secondary Literature

Prologue

Cazzaniga, Ignazio. "Del nuovo Ennio nella Ioannide di Corippo?" Rivista di filologia e d'istruzione classica 99 (1971), 276-287

Discusses echoes of archaic Latin in the phrase bullatum ... aethera (Mit. p. 13. 14) at pp. 284ff. F's clumsy handling of such borrowings is contrasted with more subtle adaptations of Ennian phrasing in Corippus.

Brief discussion of the Mit. preface as foil to Boethius at p. 37f. "Fulgentius appropriates the same sort of apocalypse [sc. as Boethius] as his form for the Mythologiae and does virtually nothing wih it. ... Fulgentius fails to use his visionary framework for any organic literary purpose. ... Fulgentius is familiar enough with the conventions of earlier apocalypses to copy the behavior or their visionary narrators and guides as a decoration for his treatise but either cannot or does not care to justify in fictional terms the use of the machinery of apocalypse in his work."

F's reference to the Somnium Scipionis at Mit. p. 4. 4 is discussed briefly at p. 213. Courcelle casts doubt on Helm's suggestion that F drew on Favonius Eulogius's commentary, and sees Macrobian influence as more likely.

Studies the opening of the Consolation in light of the tradition of the literary epiphany. Grüber argues that (pace Helm) Boethian dependence on the epiphanies at Mit. p. 8. 6ff.; 13. 17ff.is unlikely: "Eine Abhängigkeit des einen vom anderen muß nicht angenommen werden, wenn man die Fülle der möglichen Vorbilder in der Beschreibung von Epiphanien berücksichtigt" (167n6).

(Text in Russian). According to APh 59 (1988) #2011 (whence the French titles above) this includes translation w/ comments of part of Mit. prologue.

F's allusions to Sulpicia (Mit. p. 4. 1; 13. 3) are discussed at 226-228 in the context of other late antique references (Ausonius and Sidonius).

The poem at p. 7. 5ff. ("Thespiades ...") is discussed at p. 85f. The author sees in it "le plus ancien exemple de versification accentuelle que nous connaissions" (87)

The prologue to the Mitologiae at several points parodically inverts the opening of Ovid's epic as "the narrator establishes himself as an anti-Ovid." The appearance of Calliope and her colleagues, however, restores the balance: "Ovid ultimately reasserts himself."

Relihan, Joel. Ancient Menippean Satire (Baltimore and London, 1993).

Discussion of the prologue to the Mitologiae pp. 152-163; Appendix B (pp. 203-210) provides a translation.

Traces the history of a parodic formula (elaborate poetical description of time of day followed by prosaic gloss) from Seneca to Robert Musil. The inset poem at Mit. p. 13. 6ff. is discussed at p. 14f. of the reprint.

Wolff, Étienne. "La préface du Livre I des Mitologiae de Fulgence et Martianus Capella," Revue des études tardo-antiques 1 (2011-12), 111-118.

An initial section offers textual and interpretative notes on four passages of the prologue. At p. 9. 15-17, si collegio non donetur should be rendered "si le collège ne lui fait pas grâce" (contra Hays and Venuti). At p. 11. 7 garrulantes agrees with the implied subject of inquirimus, not with lignides puellas (contra Relihan and Venuti). At p. 13. 11 mundum should be taken as the subject of pigrescere, not with circumlita (contra Whitbread, Mattiacci and Venuti); c(a)erula is fem. sing., not neuter plural (contra Venuti). At p. 10. 5-8 perhaps read litterae suos <familiares quo> quicquid ... catus extendunt. The second half of the article collects examples of Martianean phrasing and vocabulary in F.'s works. Martianus, like his African compatriot Apuleius, provided F. with a model for stylistic extravagance and allegory; both authors share a rather amorphous generic conception of satura which should not, however, be confused with prosimetrum: "il est exclu de qualifier les Mitologiae de prosimètre simplement à cause des deux poèmes qu'on trouve dans la préface du livre I" (117).

Main Body and Individual Fables.

Allen, Don Cameron. Image and Meaning. Metaphoric Traditions in Renaissance Poetry. Revised ed. (Baltimore, 1968).

Brief discussion and partial translation of the Cupid and Pysche chapter (Mit. 3. 6) on p. 27, as "influencing Renaissance interpretations and thence Spenser's "Muiopotmos." Text is wrongly ascribed to the Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum and its author rather confusingly identified as "[t]he pseudo-Fulgentius (thought by the Renaissance to be a contemporary of Martianus)."

Discusses F's chapter on the Muses (Mit. 1. 15 p. 25. 1ff.) at p. 8f. and prints two brief medieval texts that draw on it.

F's version of the Perdiccas story (Mit. 3. 2 p. 61. 16ff.) is briefly dealt with on pp. 227-8 in connection with the Aegritudo Perdiccae.

Includes a discussion of Mit. 2. 5 p. 43. 21ff..

Argues that the Petronius citation at Mit. p. 73. 5ff. cannot be from the Satyricon since Petronius does not appear in the novel in his own person. Instead it may be a garbled reminscence of Pliny NH 37. 20 (or another, unknown source). "Accettando questa proposta, il luogo di Fulgenzio si puo agevolmente emendare: unde et Petronius Arbiter ad libidinis concitamentum myrrhinum [se] poculum bibisse refert<ur>.

F's chapter on the Sirens (Mit. II. 8) is discussed on p. 41.

Discusses Mit. 3. 7 p. 70. 3ff. in the context of similar allegorical interpretations in the Pseudo-Clementines, Sallustius and Tzetzes.

Discussion of Mit. on pp. 55-60.

Mit. 2. 1 is discussed at 23ff., and referred to passim (see index entries s.v. Fulgentian interpretation ...)

Friedman, John Block. Orpheus in the Middle Ages (Cambridge Mass. 1970)

The Orpheus chapter (Mit. 3. 10 p. 77. 9ff.) is discussed on p. 89 and its influence on medieval commentators on pp. 86-145 passim.

Surveys allegorical treatments of the figure of Hercules from antiquity to Vico. Mit. II. 2-4 are briefly discussed at 236-238.

Galinsky, G. Karl. The Herakles Theme (Oxford, 1972).

Brief discussion of the Heracles chapters (Mit. 2. 2-4) at p. 190; F's portrayal of Heracles as an exemplar virtutis is in line with other ancient treatments.

Cf. Excursus H (vol. 2, 757-765): "Fulgentius' Mitologiae and Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae." (Title notwithstanding, only the former is dealt with in any detail). F's works "enjoyed a remarkably sustained popularity throughout medieval times, and ... contain a certain amount of popular Platonism" (758). G. discusses references to Hermes Trismegistus, Orpheus, Plato et al. and briefly surveys four types of allegorical interpretation in F. (metaphysical, physical, astronomical and moral).

Gusejnov, G.C. ["Les Sources antiques et chrétiennes des Mythologies de Fulgence"], [La Dixième conférence des auteurs et lecteurs du 'Vestnik Drevnej Istorii' de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS] (Moscow, 1987), 116-118.

(Text in Russian). Not seen; reference drawn from APh 59 (1988) #2010 (whence the French titles above)

Notes that the "Anacreon" of Mit. p. 31. 12 is also cited as a source by the medieval chronicler Henry of Herford ("Creon vel Anacreon de natura deorum").

Discusses the history of this sentiment in Latin literature. Fulgentius's citation of the phrase (Statius Theb. 3. 661, but attributed to Petronius at Mit. p. 17. 3) is discussed on p. 5: "il n'entend pas la pensée de Stace comme nous, ni comme les autre anciens. Il nous transporte en plein évhémérisme". H. assumes that all the Petronius citations in the Mitologiae come from the same poem; no argument is offered for this intriguing suggestion.

Offers a short introduction to Fulgentius, then surveys the literary background of the Phaethon and Heliades stories and their interpretations in F. Some attention is also paid to later interpretations, especially those in the Philosophia Secreta of Juan Pérez de Moya (1513-1592).

F's interpretation of Achilles (Mit. 3. 7) is summarized and briefly discussed at p. 201f. (cf. also p. 229). F's treatment is typical of medieval misogyny.

Surveys medieval allegorizations of the Actaeon story, including Mit. 3. 3 (p. 220).

Mit. I. 15 p. 25. 1ff. is discussed on pp. 428-430.

Fulgentius's use of Homer as source and authority is discussed briefly on pp. 279-82; a translation of the Sirens fable (Mit. II. 8 p. 48. 8ff.) is included.

F's treatment is discussed at pp. 27-30 and mentioned passim (see index s.v. Fulgence).

The author argues that Macrobius was influential in establishing a model in which stories that admit interpretation only on a literal level are figured as feminine (fabula anilis, nutricum etc.) in opposition to narratives that can be read allegorically. Apuleius's Cupid and Psyche (a fabula anilis that admits of hidden meaning) implicitly undermines such a model. F's treatment is discussed at 384-387. By emphasizing allegory over narrative, F. emphasizes one side of the dichotomy to the exclusion of the other. "Fulgentius's interpretation of the tale not only undermines Apuleius' authority, but completely disregards the story's female oral narrator and female audience. ... he exchanges the rich narrative of the Apuleian Cupid and Psyche for his own paraphrase ... The Mythologiae attempts to sever allegory from the literal sense, and thus, strip the Cupid and Psyche symbolism of its feminine qualities." By contrast, Boccaccio shows more appreciation of the story's two levels, while still privileging the allegorical over the literal.

Studies F's use of Apuleius in various contexts: 1) verbal echoes (esp. of the prologue to the Metamorphoses and the lead-in to Cupid and Psyche, but also, e.g. the Thelyphron episode) in the Mitologiae prologue and elsewhere; 2) the paraphrase of Cupid and Psyche in Mit. 3. 6 (which shows close and direct use of the Apuleian original); 3) the citations from Apuleius in the Sermones (which M. suggests are consciously manipulated by F. in order to create excerpts suitable for lexicographical citation).

F's treatment of Cupid and Psyche is discussed on pp. 27-30.

Discusses the Orpheus chapter (Mit. 3. 10) and its reception in Carolingian music theorists.

Appendix 2 (pp. 128ff.) prints the Latin text of F's summary of the Cupid and Psyche story and a translation of F's analysis.

The Cupid and Psyche fable is discussed at pp. 142-144 [= Studi Apuleiani 135-141]. "Fulgenzio riverbera ... una più vasta attività erudita sulle Metamorfosi --o quanto meno, sulla 'bella fabella' di Amore e Psiche."

Discusses F's derivation of Antaeus (p. 43. 2) and Anteia (p. 59. 17) from Greek antaios and his interpretation of both figures as allegories of libido. The author suggests that a Christianizing interpretation of the Heracles/Antaeus myth underlies F's treatment.

A brief section (pp. 195-200) is devoted to F's treatment of Circe.

F's version of the Cupid & Psyche story (Mit. 3. 6) is summarized with brief discussion at pp. 218f.

The fables of Marsyas and Orpheus are discussed briefly on pp. 654f. F's exposition of music theory is eccentric and confused. "Fulgentius kann selbst als Beweis dafür gelten, daß es mit dem Musikwissen nicht mehr gut bestellt war ... er hatte einmal musiktheoretischen Unterricht genossen, wußte aber nichts Genaues mehr."

[Hays contains chapters on allegory and sources]

Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae

Text

Helm , Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii V.C. Opera, pp. 81-107

Translations, Commentaries etc.

Agozzino, Tullio, and F. Zanlucchi, edd. Fabio Planciade Fulgenzio. Expositio Virgilianae Continentiae (Padova, 1972)

Text with facing Italian translation, introduction and commentary. The text is Helm's, though this is nowhere acknowledged and the only numbering given is Muncker's.

• Perret, J. REL 51 (1973), 397 (dismissive).
• Parroni, P. Rivista di filologia e di istruzione classica 102 (1974), 351-355 ("un libro disuguale, non concepito tuttavia senza preparazione e dottrina." The review contains substantive notes and corrections).

English translation with brief introduction.

Rosa, Fabio. Fulgenzio. Commento all' Eneide (Milan, 1997)

Introduction, Helm's text ("con pocche eccezioni"), Italian translation and notes.

Contains Helm's text with facing English translation, introduction and brief commentary. Translation is unreliable but an honest attempt. Introduction and commentary are purely derivative.

Latin text with facing English tr., derived from author's dissertation.

Secondary Literature

Agozzino, Tullio."Secretum Quaerere Veritatis. Virgilio, Vates Ignarus nella Continentia Vergiliana," Studi classici in honore di Quintino Cataudella (Catania, 1972) 3: 615-630.

Discusses the Continentia as a deeply serious example of apocalyptic epiphany. Vergil is presented as having been inspired (albeit unknowingly) by Christian veritas. "Cristianesimo (Fulgenzio) e Paganesimo (Virgilio) s'incontrano, come fratelli che tornano da lontano".

The Continentia is summarized and discussed at pp. 80-82, mainly as a precedent for Dante. "S'intende che il Virgilio di Dante non sarà più quello di Macrobio o di Fulgenzio; ma è anche vero che i suoi tratti fondamentali, si direbbe istituzionali, derivano dal loro impianto" (85).

F.'s allusions to Eclogue 4 are briefly discussed at p. 678.

Bertini, Ferruccio. "Fulgenzio," Enciclopedia Virgiliana (Rome, 1985), II: 603-5.

"Il problema dell' identificazione dei due Fulgenzi è ancora lontano da una soluzione definitiva" (603), though F is elsewhere identified as a grammaticus (604). A brief reference to the history of allegorization is followed by a summary of the treatise. F's reputation now seems to be recovering from the damning verdict of Comparetti: "invece di irridere F. per l'ingenuità e la stranezza delle sue etimologie, bisogna rendersi conto che questo tipo di esegesi ... era già stato applicato da stoici, pitagorici e neoplatonici a Omero e dai Padri della Chiesa ai testi sacri ed episodicamente a Virgilio." The work is important as the first attempt at a comprehensive allegorical reading of the poem. Brief remarks on medieval reception; relatively full bibliography.

Surveys the uses made of the Aeneas myth in ancient, medieval and modern sources. Brief discussion of Cont., especially F's habere/ regere/ornare distinction (pp. 324-326).

Brief introduction comparable to Caballero, Coffin (below).

Brief treatment comparable to Brok (above), Coffin (below), discussing F's relationship to the rhetorical tradition and his role in the formation of medieval allegory.

Little more than a summary of the work. Fulgentius's Vergil is the logical development of the polymath Vergil we see in Macrobius.

Unsympathetic discussion of Cont., pp. 132-143.

Courcelle, Pierre. Lecteurs païens et lecteurs chrétiens de l'Énéide.Vol. 1: Les témoignages littéraires (Paris, 1984).

Follows the order of the poem; F. is mentioned passim (see index) and there is a general discussion of Cont. at pp. 501-504.

Desmond, Marilynn. Reading Dido. Gender, Textuality and the Medieval Aeneid (Minneapolis, 1994).

The Continentia is briefly discussed at 84f.: "Aeneas ... represents the normative masculine biography of everyman; female characters, especially Dido, are thereby seen in relation to such an androcentric reading of Virgil's text."

F's Aeneas is not only a paradigm of Stoic virtue but also an exemplar of humility; F. thus "offers a counterargument to Augustine's first critical attack on Virgil in De civitate Dei" and enables a Christian audience to read Vergil with a clear conscience.

[Click here for text (in progress)]

The Continentia is summarized and briefly discussed in the closing pages (307-310 of 1981 edition). The work "mérite ... quelque attention par le ròle qu'il assigne au grand poète païen, maître de science et de sagesse, dont les leçons s'imposent mîeme aux fidèles du Christ."

Pp. 33-5 discuss the Continentia's treatment of the Aeneid as a poem of praise, and place it in the context of epideictic readings of literature from antiquity to the Renaissance. Further discussion on pp. 77ff.: "Incapable of responding to the narrative appeal of the Aeneid, Fulgentius made it over in the image of the panegyrical biography." Analyzes "Fulgentian" elements in Spenser, though without quite making it clear whether direct influence is envisaged.

Discusses the problematic passage at Cont. p. 91. 17 cui quidem perfectioni<s> puplica a dea partus promittitur visio as an example of the interpretive difficulties confronting F's readers. Published translations are shown to either misrepresent the Latin or produce gibberish (or both). The author offers no alternative rendering, but suggests that the difficulty is due in part to the eclecticism and ad hoc nature of F's allegoresis; when the Latin is ambiguous, logic will not necessarily be of any help.

Pp. 155-160 discuss the Continentia in the context of ancient and medieval grammatical culture: "[t]hrough this commentary, Vergil's authority was re-instituted: the Aeneid was made to speak the language of medieval textual communities" (160).

Fulgentius is discussed briefly on pp. 174-6.

Vergil in the Continentia plays the role of a contemporary schoolmaster; this explains his disdainful manner toward Fulgentius, who is cast as the pupil.

Brief discussion/summary of the Continentia at 5f. with 175 n. 14; incidental references passim (see index s.v. Fulgentius).

The discussion of Cont. (pp. 60-67) stresses the disproportionate space accorded Book 6 in F's exposition. The Continentia is "an amusing literary creation, ... as much a parodic variant of Virgil's katabasis as a commentary on it" (64).

The Continentia is discussed on pp. 56-69.

A long note (154 n. 18) discusses the Continentia; allegorical readings of the Aeneid such as F's (which "seems effectively to summarize much more ancient lore") must have influenced Augustine's own use of the epic in the Confessions.

"This paper examines Vergil's application of an etymology for the name 'Dares' that is found in both the ancient commentary on Homeric words and the late antique mythographer Fulgentius [= Cont. p. 95. 5ff.]. It then considers Fulgentius' interpretation of Vergil's boxing match on its own and also in the light of an epistolary exchange between St. Jerome and St. Augustine."

Fulgentius is discussed on pp. 85-113. The Continentia is translated in an appendix.

Helm on Cont. p. 97. 18ff sees a reference to Joshua 7.21. Whitbread (149) corrects to Ezek. 7.20. Helm is right, but read dextraria and furatum. F. is recalling Origen's exegesis of the Joshua passage (via Rufinus).

Chapter 5 ("The Heroic Educational Journey") deals with allegorical readings of the Aeneid from late antiquity through Petrarch. The Continentia is discussed at pp. 90-99; F's interpretation adapts Neoplatonic allegorization of the Odyssey to a Latin context.

Revised extract from author's dissertation (Saarbrücken, 1976).

Discusses moral allegorizations of the Cyclops story in art and literature. Cont. p. 94. 2ff. is discussed at p. 666f.

Whitbread, L.G. "Fulgentius on Dangerous Doctrine," Latomus 30 (1971), 1157-1161.

Analyzes the list of authorities at 85, 17 - 86, 6. Parallels in Tertullian are cited, and F's use of Tertullian as model and authority is discussed.

1. (p. 83. 4-6) dominatui must be dative; novo caritatis dominatui refers to the advent of the rex mentioned in the preface to Mit. and is not a writing-at-friend's-behest topos (as Hays would have it); however, the friend's-behest motif is present in the next clause.
2. (p. 85. 19-86. 2) in quibus is equivalent to in quae; inuerso means "appliquer à, rapporter à," not "saepe tractare" as TLL would have it. Translate "je ne cherche pas ce à quoi Pythagore rapporte les mesures musicales (etc.)"
3. (p. 86. 7-10) onerosiores sarcinulas designates the Eclogues and Georgics. The phrase glabro solidior is glossed asperitate durior in several manuscripts; this has misled TLL s.v. glabrum. In reality, "la formule désigne simplement la surface de la terre dans ce qu'elle a, globalement, de plat." ruptuas is a graphic variant for ructuas.
4. (p. 91. 21-92. 3) The redundant haec can stand; Cont. has a number of similar shifts in construction (e.g. p. 98. 7ff. or p. 105. 5f.).
   
5. (p. 94. 13f.) sepelire with an inanimate subject is rare but not unattested; the reading portu in later manuscripts should be rejected.
   
6. (p. 95. 21-96) peruenitur is an impersonal passive; consultatur is a deponent (with Aeneas as unexpressed subject).
   
7. (p. 96. 22-97. 1) the shift in construction in non antea ... nisi ... is a late phenomenon. The inconcinnity between decerpserit and discatur is partially paralleled at p. 94. 3-5 quia ... portat et ... erigatur.
   
8. (p. 97. 13-15) The nominatives intellectus, memoria and facundia are influenced by the opening of the sentence. The inclusion of Medusa among the Hesperides probably goes back to a misunderstanding of Hesiod Theogony 275-276.
   
9. (p. 98. 18-22) For in temporales read intemporales. [This is actually the reading of the manuscripts. -GH]
   
10. (p. 101.10-12) dicimus (supplied from the following dicitur) must be understood after domantem; several of the later manuscripts (DG) actually insert it. [But Helm's report to this effect is in fact false. -GH]
    
11. (p. 101. 15-19) Read perfectionem omisso iam labore discendi <scientiae consecutus eris>, memoriae quae in cerebro est sicut in postibus perpetue infigenda<m>.
    
12. (p. 101.21-102.3) "elisis est un mixte gréco-latin, participe de forme latine du verbe grec ekluô, et non l'ablatif-locatif de Elysii." In the next sentence either ramulum must be neuter or dedicatur deponent.
    
13. (p. 104. 10-11) Cauni should be emended to Fauni (with Rosa). This also requires a change at p. 104. 14-15 below. Rosa would read Faunus uero <quasi Caunus> id est camnonus; id should also be deleted. But "[p]eut-être n'y a-t-il pas lieu de corriger du tout, et Fulgence déforme-t-il le nom propre pour le plier à l'étymologie."
    

Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum

Editions, Translations etc.

Gerlach, F.D. and Roth, C.L., Nonii Marcelli ... De compendiosa doctrina ... et Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii, Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum (Basel, 1842), 386-398 [Google Books]

Lersch, Laurenz. Fabius Planciades Fulgentius de abstrusis sermonibus (Bonn, 1844). [Google Books]

       Review:

            Klotz, R. Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie und Paedagogik 43 (1845) 71-96

Wessner, Paul. "Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum" Commentationes Philologae
Ienenses, vol. 6 (1899) 63-143.

       Reviews:

• Helm, Rudolf. Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift 18 (1898), 554-557. Criticizes choice of MSS.
• Froehde, O. Wochenschrift für klassische Philologie 15 (1898), 766-71. Disagrees with W's view that introductory lemmata ("quid sit ...") are later additions.
• Lindsay, W.M. Classical Review 12 (1898), 456-457. [J-STOR link]. Includes a significant note on Serm. 46, along with partial collations of Bodl. Auct. T. 2. 18 and marginalia from a printed copy of the 1565 Plantin ed. in the Bodleian, recording the readings of a 'vetus liber manuscriptus.'

Helm , Fabii Planciadis Fulgentii V.C. Opera, pp. 109-126

Pizzani, Ubaldo. Fabio Planciade Fulgenzio. Definizione di Parole Antiche (Rome, 1968).

Includes introduction, Italian translation, and very full commentary.

        Reviews:

• D'Anna, Giovanni. Athenaeum n.s. 47 (1969), 365-367. Laudatory. The reviewer is inclined to see F.'s quotation from Pacuvius (Serm. 12; 32; 57) as genuine.
  
• Sillitti, Francesca. Rivista di filologia e di istruzione classica, 3d ser. 99 (1971), 212-215. Generally favorable. Some substantive remarks on Serm. 16 and its relation to the unnamed dedicatee.
  

Secondary Literature

Baldwin, Barry. An Anthology of Later Latin Literature (Amsterdam, 1987).

Fulgentius is represented exclusively by Serm. 54 ('Tacitus in libro facetiarum'). A brief commentary lists possible sources from which F. might have fabricated the citation.

Argues (against Strzelecki) that F used Nonius.

The citation from Fronto at Serm. 35 (p. 121. 7ff.) is discussed on p. 67. In spite of F's unreliability, Fronto's Campanian connections make a speech on behalf of the Campanian town of Nuceria plausible.

Discussion of Fulgentius at pp. 73-75.

F's citation of Tertullian's De fato (116, 18) is discussed briefly at p. 577. Its authenticity is "schwerlich zu bezweifeln."

Identifies Serm. 58 (125, 18ff.) as dealing with the story of Metennius's wife recorded in Pliny, Valerius Maximus, and elsewhere. The reference to the wife as "Metennia" reveals that the quotation is fabricated.

[Click here for text]

Huxley, George. "Fulgentius on the Cretan Hecatomphonia," Classical Philology 68 (1973) 124-7. [J-STOR link]

Deals with Serm. 5; the entry is rewritten wholesale to bring it into line with ethnographic parallels, on the dangerous assumption "that the principal errors are due, not to Fulgentius, but to his copyists." (126).

Tertullian's treatise, alluded to at De anima 20 and cited by F. at Serm. 16, may also underlie Ps. Augustine Quaestiones 115.

Discusses F's quotations from Vidularia (Serm. 10 and 53) at pp. 15ff. in light of Plautine citations generally. While accepting that many of F's quotations are bogus, L. sees the Plautine citations as genuine, though sometimes garbled and/or misremembered. This includes the two citations of Vidularia; these may come from the same passage, with that at Serm. 10 following directly on (and responding to) that at Serm. 53.

Response to a review by Roth of Lersch's edition of Serm. Contains notes on Serm. 28 (Herakleia); 25 (Memmius/Memor); 8 (Silicernius).

pp. 88-95 discuss the Labeo citation at Serm. 4 p. 112. 11, arguing that it is substantially reliable.

Discusses the citations from Ennius (Serm. 19) and Pacuvius (Serm. 12 and 57). All three are actual fragments of archaic drama. The citation from Ennius should be accepted; of those from Pacuvius, the first should be attributed to an unknown author, while the second is Pacuvian, but the title Tiestes probably incorrect.

Brief discussion at p. 47 rejects as inauthentic the citations from Pacuvius's Pseudon (Serm. 12) and Thyestes (Serm. 57): "Fulgenzio è noto per l'inesattezza di molte sue informazioni e citazioni."

pp. 22-42 study the variations between F's citations of Apuleius and the received text of the Metamorphoses. The author argues unconvincingly for the circulation in late antique North Africa of a separate redaction of the novel, quite different both in style and plot from that which has survived.

Argues on pp. 236f. against Mazzarino's theory that divergences between F's Apuleius citations and the transmitted text point to use of a different redaction.

Pasoli, E. "Dividias Mentis Conficit Omnis Amor," Giornale italiano di filologia 24 (1972), 363-371.

Pennisi, Giuseppe. Fulgenzio e la Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum (Florence, 1963).

Divided into three self-contained sections:

• I. I Due Fulgenzi (9-61). The mythographer is not to be identified with the bishop because the former wrote in the fourth century and is the Fulgentius mentioned by Symmachus, Relatio 23. This incidentally explains why Valentinian I is the last emperor dealt with in the De Aetatibus. The fact that F cites Martianus is to be explained by redating Martianus to the early fourth century. Apparent echoes of Orosius in Fulgentius are in fact echoes of Fulgentius in Orosius.
• II. La Tradizione Manoscritta della "Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum" (63-98). Prolegomena to a new edition of the treatise (still in progress in 1979, but apparently never completed). P surveys MSS and argues (against previous editors) for a tripartite stemma.
• III. "Rerum Verborumque Fides ..." ovvero Le Citazioni Fulgenziane (99-200). An impassioned defence of the authenticity of Fulgentius's citations.

• Scivoletto, N. GIF 17 (1964), 283-4. P's redating "audace e tuttavia accettabile", the book "un bel capitolo di storia della cultura."
• Tadic, Nicole. Latomus 25 (1966), 988-990. Slavish summary of part I (only). No judgment expressed.
• Langlois, Pierre. Révue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 46 (1968), 188-189. Review is entirely devoted to P's proposed redating ("cette construction fragile ..."), by which the reviewer is unconvinced.

Pennisi, Giuseppe. Poeti e intellettuali nella Roma antica e tardoantica. Catullo, Fulgenzio (Reggio Calabria, 1979).

The second half of the book (pp. 151-291) is devoted to an excruciatingly detailed study of Serm. 5.

pp. 230f. discuss a vita of Persius prefixed to one of the MSS, in which mention is made of Cornutus as a satirist--cf. Serm. 20 p. 117. 16 "Marcus Cornutus in satyra".

The Apuleius citation at Serm. 17 (p. 116. 21) is discussed on pp. 113-115.

Scheid, J. Romulus et ses frères (Paris, 1990).

Serm. 9 (on the origins of the Arval Brethren) is discussed at 19-24.

Item 14 (p. 213) deals with Serm. 47 (p. 123, 15ff.). The citation is a genuine fragment of comedy (whether or not it comes from Sutrius's Piscatoria), and ganei is to be interpreted as = luxuriosi , a sense attested in glossaries.

Studies entries 13 and 19; the author disputes L. Müller's claim that F. drew on Nonius for these entries; similarities are rather to be explained by F's use of other sources that probably go back to Verrius Flaccus and/or Festus.

The second half of the article (114ff.) deals with the citation from "Memos" at Serm. 25 (p. 119, 5), arguing that its attribution to the late 1st c. tragedian Scaevus Memor is plausible both on general and metrical grounds.

Pages 199ff. discuss Ennius quotation in SA p. 117H.

Adds nothing to previous discussions of this entry.

Surveys the nature, organization and possible sources of the treatise. W. notes that he was unable to consult Pizzani's edition, but he shares Pizzani's moderate position on the forgery question: "Les citations ... sont à prendre au sérieux, et lui-même n'est ni un fantaisiste ni un faussaire." Errors and inaccuracies reflect F's use of intermediate sources, which included Nonius (W. accepts Bertini's arguments on this point) and a commented edition of Plautus (or a monograph on the playwright). The apparently random order of the entries conceals smaller groups of related citations, some thematic, others connected to a particular author (notably Plautus and Apuleius).

De Aetatibus Mundi et Hominis

Text

Reifferscheid, August. "Mittheilungen aus Handschriften," Rheinisches Museum 23 (1868), 127-146.

Text of Aet. X-XI with brief introduction.

Text of Aet. XIV with brief notes.

Translation/Commentary.

Manca, Massimo. Fulgenzio. Le età del mondo e dell' uomo (Alessandria, 2003).

Text (based on Helm) with facing-page Italian translation and notes. An extensive introduction deals with questions of date, authorship, genre and style.

Archambault, Paul. "The Ages of Man and the Ages of the World. A Study of Two Traditions," Révue des Études Augustiniennes 12 (1966) 193-228.

F is briefly mentioned on p. 206: "Although [F] left his work unfinished after the fourteenth age it is clear to see that his division of the ages of the world are simply the Augustinian divisions cut into finer subdivisions. The same can be said for his divisions of the ages of man."

Textual notes supplementing and correcting Stöcker (below).

Manca, Massimo. "Un prologo di troppo nel De aetatibus mundi et hominis di Fulgenzio," Quaderni del Dipartimento di Filologia, Linguistica e Tradizione Classica. Università degli Studi. Torino 11 (1998), 243-246.

Restates at greater length the observations of the anonymous reviewer of Helm and of Morelli (below) that the preface is also lipogrammatic (the author is aware of Morelli's note but not the earlier review). M. argues from this that the preface is in fact part of Book 1 and should be printed as such.

Surveys the later history of a mistranslation (Nabuzardan as princeps coquorum instead of militum or exercitus) in the Septuagint and Vetus Latina. Includes a brief discussion of Aet. p. 160. 22 at 494.

A brief note on p. 89 observes that the preface of the work shares the same restrictions as Book I (an observation anticipated in the anonymous review of Helm's edition in ALL).

Excellent discussion of De Aetatibus X, though the author's conclusions about the use of "Antidamas" as a source may not carry conviction. Includes German translation of the chapter (not free of errors, but a quantum leap over Whitbread ).

The De Aetatibus is discussed on pp. 220-226.

The De Aetatibus is discussed on pp. 331-333; basically a shorter version of the item above, with no new observations.

Text

Helm, Rudolf "Anecdoton Fulgentianum," Rheinisches Museum 52 (1897) 177-186.

Editio princeps (based solely on Paris BN Lat. 3012) with brief discussion. "Ein streng zwingender Beweis für die Autorschaft des Mythographen Fulgentius lässt sich natürlich bei der Kürze der Schrift super Thebaiden und dem Mangel jeder persönlichen Beziehung nicht erbringen; aber ein gewisser Grad der Wahrscheinlichkeit spricht ohne Zweifel dafür." (186).

Re-edition with much improved readings.

New edition replacing Helm and reporting the readings of both Paris BN Lat. 3012 and Bern, Burgerbibliothek 141,323; the latter is acknowledged to be an apograph of the former. Attribution to Fulgentius is denied and the 12th century dating proposed by various scholars is approved.

Anderson, Harald. "Note sur les Manuscrits du commentaire de Fulgence sur la Thébaïde," Revue d'histoire des textes 28 (1998), 235-238 and plates I-III.

Pierre Daniel's copy of the treatise (Bern, Burgerbibliothek 141,323) was copied directly from Paris BN lat. 3012, not from a common ancestor. (This conclusion is accepted by Sweeney in his recent edition of the treatise). The plates reproduce pages from both MSS.

(In Catalan). Description and summary of the work. Notes non-Fulgentian elements but takes no firm stand on authenticity or date. The author's reading of the Thebaid can be seen as a mirror image of Prudentius's Psychomachia (characters become abstractions, rather than vice versa). The Super Thebaiden offers a Christian reading of the epic, and is solely responsible for the image of a Christian Statius found in Dante.

A brief but important note on p. 51 argues that the work borrows from Martin of Laon's Scolica Graecarum Glossarum (9th c.) and belongs to the 12th or 13th c. "Es weist auf die Spätzeit, dass er fast alle seine 'griechischen' Wörter auf -os ausgehen lässt ... und dass er nicht flektiert."

Overview and summary, with comments on authenticity issue (text assumed to be Fulgentian) and cultural context. "The Super Thebaiden appropriately expresses the Neoplatonic view of the human soul in the body, and this Neoplatonic view is a streak or long thin mark running thoughout the work and designates Fulgentius's contribution to mythography."

Argues that the treatise is not by Fulgentius the Mythographer and is probably a 12th century product; summarizes the arguments of Bischoff and Stock and adds new evidence, primarily stylistic.

An introductory section briefly describes the nature and transmission of the work. Fulgentian authorship is rejected on grounds of both form and language. The Thebaid the author allegorizes is largely his own creation; his summary omits major episodes, as well as the gods and major human characters (e.g. five of the Seven against Thebes), and includes back-story not found in the epic. These and other features call into question whether the author even knew Statius's poem directly. The Greek etymologies (unlike the real Fulgentius's) do not suggest a working knowledge of the language, and are better viewed as a kind of artificial exercise. The article is accompanied by two charts: 1) a break-down of the text, showing how the capsule summary at the beginning of the work dictates the interpretation that follows; 2) a list of the characters subjected to allegorization, with etymology and interpretation for each.

Stock, Brian "A Note on Thebaid Commentaries: Paris, B.N., lat. 3012," Traditio 27 (1971) 468-471.

Certain linguistic features (notably the use of the word tegumentum ) and similarities to other commentaries suggest that the Super Thebaiden belongs to the 12th century rather than the sixth.

Discusses ST at pp. 90-93. Sweeney adds a second MS (Bern, Burgerbibliothek 141,323), written by Pierre Daniel, to Paris BN Lat. 3012 (Helm's MS). He concludes that the Bern MS does not descend from the Parisinus, but may be a second generation copy of the Parisinus's exemplar. He notes also that the reading of the Parisinus at p. 184. 13 filito, corrected in the same hand to filiam, seems to represent a misreading of a so-called "co" A, and suggests that the exemplar was written in very early Carolingian minuscule. If correct, this would scotch Bischoff's diagnosis of a 12th c. date for the work. (Sweeney has, however, retracted this claim in his later edition).

General (or dealing with more than one work).

Bisanti, A. "Un medaglione su Fulgenzio," Pan 14 (1995), 203-212.

[Summary coming soon]

Bolton, Diane K. "Remigian Commentaries on the 'Consolation of Philosophy' and their Sources," Traditio 33 (1977), 381-394.

Borrowings from Mit. and Cont. are noted at 389 n. 42; 393 nn. 63-64.

Cont. is mentioned in passing; the explanation of Erichthonius at Mit. p. 52. 10ff. is discussed on p. 318 with reference to a different allegorization in William of Conches' commentary on the Timaeus.

Possible Fulgentian echoes (from Aet., Mit. and Serm.) are listed on pp. 137-9.

F's influence on the De Genealogia Deorum is discussed at pp. 461-3. Boccaccio's exploitation of F's works did not prevent him from viewing aspects of F's practice sceptically. Cf. also pp. 464f. for the theory that Boccaccio's notorious "Theodontius" goes back to the "Theocnidus" found at Mit. p. 32. 7.

Surveys echoes of F. (especially Mit.) in Martianus commentaries, Sedulius Scotus, Paschasius Radbertus, Ermenrich of Ellwangen, Gunzo of Novara, the "Letter of A to E" (MGH Epist. VI 182ff.), and the scholia to the Gesta Berengarii, inter alia. The early manuscripts are discussed (210f.). The reception of the Bishop's works is discussed separately on pp. 211-215; the two authors are not identical, and were not identified by most Carolingian writers. An important digression on p. 205f. notes that a Greek phrase quoted in the Super Thebaiden also appears in the Scholica of Martin of Laon; if Martin is the borrower, the Super Thebaiden cannot be a twelfth century product [Laistner subsequently withdrew this point].

Pseudo-Fulgentiana are discussed on pp. 20-23. A text labelled "Fulgentius de naturis rerum" in Munich Clm 8979 (dated to 1387) is not the Physiologus referred to at Cont. p. 91. 21f., but a medieval compilation. Fulgentius's name was carelessly applied to a number of works of mythographical or allegorical nature. A commentary on Martianus attributed to F by Amplonius Ratinck in 1412 seems to be a phantom. Arnold of Rotterdam describes F as a historian on the basis of a vague reference by Robert Holkot to "Fulgentius in libro quodam de gestis Romanorum," probably the Mitologiae. A work on music "discovered" by Sittl is in fact merely an excerpt from the same work. Another 11/12th c. musical work (MS Erfurt Ampl. 8o 93 and 94 and elsewhere) is wrongly ascribed to F (the work is in fact dedicated to a Fulgentius, though it is uncertain who this might be).

Notes on the medieval survival of ancient literature. Fulgentius is mentioned only briefly: "Die Virgiliana continentia und die Mitologiae werden stark benutzt im Aeneis-kommentar des Bernhardus Silvestris, vgl. die Ausgabe von Guil. Riedel, Gryphisw. 1924." (157)

Argues that the mysterious "Furvus" coupled with "Capella" at lines 199ff. must be an allegorist, and that Fulgentius (an author well-known to the 'school of Chartes') is the most likely candidate. The alias Furvus ("dark") hints at fulgens ("bright").

Direct use of Fulgentius by Dante cannot be demonstrated, but D. was heavily influenced by the allegorical tradition F. represents. The Super Thebaiden (accepted as Fulgentian) is perhaps echoed at Convivio 2. 1. 8f. (though the resemblance may be more general). The allegorical interpretation of the Aeneid in the Convivio (4. 26. 8ff.) is in the tradition of the Cont., albeit with considerable differences in detail. The interpretation of the sun's horses at Mit. 1. 12 p. 23. 11ff. may underlie the similar passage at Convivio 4. 23. 14 (but perhaps via the Third Vatican Mythographer). In other respects, D. is worlds away from F.; Virgil in the Commedia bears no resemblance to F's grumpy pedant. Includes brief bibliography.

The commentator's use of Fulgentius is discussed briefly on p. 226f., with a list of borrowings from Mit. and Cont.

Allen, D.C. "Milton's Alpheus," Modern Language Notes 71 (1956), 172-173.

Argues that the references to the Arethusa story in "Lycidas" were inspired by Mit. 3. 12. Milton intends "to remind the good priest of the virtues of the river and the fount, and also to suggest to them [sic] that they, too, could flow through an ocean of evil and corruption without being tainted."

On MS Bodl. 633. Two quotations unidentified by the first editors are Fulgentian (Mit. p. 50. 24 'avarus tam stultus est ut non sibi prodesse novit'; Mit. p. 16. 15 'sola est medicina miseriarum oblivio'); the second also appears in Vincent of Beauvais' Speculum Doctrinale.

Not seen, but cf. the article by Elliott and Elder below.

Frey-Sallmann, Alma. Aus dem Nachleben antiker Göttergestalten (Leipzig, 1931).

A survey of ancient ecphrasis and its influence on medieval and early Renaissance literature and art. The Mitologiae is discussed briefly on p. 26 and mentioned elsewhere, especially as a possible influence on Book III of Petrarch's Africa (59) and on visual descriptions of the three Graces (78-80).

Draws attention to a parallel between the description of nightfall at Mit. p. 13. 17 and a passage in Chaucer's "Franklin's Tale."

Remarks on the medieval reception of the Orpheus fable (Mit. 3. 10) at 270f.

The story of Cupid and Psyche achieved considerable currency following Zanobi da Strada's rediscovery of Apuleius' novel around 1350. Though familiar with F's high-flown philosophical allegorization, Renaissance interpreters generally preferred to view the story as "an amusing and humorous tale, which illustrates a moral lesson" (77). They were followed by Renaissance artists, including Giorgione and Raphael. However, the anonymous fresco cycle in the Palazzo Capodiferro-Spada (c. 1550) inaugurates a return to Fulgentius: "from the middle of the sixteenth century on, ... the Fulgentian explanation took the leading role again, and finally became so influential that even the depictions by Giorgione and Raphael were interpreted in terms of Fulgentius, even though they were clearly based on Apuleius" (84).

Mit. I. 22 (Alcestis) is briefly discussed on p. 172. Chaucer would have known F's allegorization, but does not follow it.

The etymology of Aello at Mit. p. 21. 20 appears in this quasi-glossary (p. 427), while Mit. p. 27. 3 may be the source of the etymology of Calliope (p. 438). An apparent echo of the Super Thebaiden on p. 438 [but Bischoff has since shown that the relationship goes in the other direction]. Direct use of Fulgentius is doubted (p. 424).

McKinley, K. Reading the Ovidian Heroine. 'Metamorphoses' Commentaries 1100-1618 (Leiden, 2001).

Schulz, R. De Mythographi Vaticani Primi Fontibus (Diss., Halle 1905). [J-STOR link]

Silverstein, Theodore. "Two Notes on Dante's Convivio, IV, 23," Speculum 7 (1932), 547-551. [J-STOR link]

The second note traces Dante's reference to the horses of the sun through intermediaries back to Mit. I. 12 (p. 23. 11ff. Helm).

Deals with Ridewall's Fulgentius Metaforalis on pp. 110-115. Also discusses quotations from a pseudo-Fulgentius in John Lathbury (pp. 230-232 and appendix).

Henryson's list of the sun's horses in his Testament of Cresseid (ll. 211-217) derives from Mit. I. 12, probably by way of Ps. Bede's De Mundi Caelestis Terrestrisque Constitutione. This 'Fulgentian tradition' appears also in the Vatican Mythographers and Gower.

A study of Baudri's verse redaction of the Mitologiae, showing how the poet's relationship to his Fulgentian original varies from direct paraphrase to practically free composition (the latter most apparent in the Hero and Leander episode).

References to F. passim, with particular attention to the portrayal of Venus' attributes at Mit. II. 1 (p. 40. 5ff. Helm).

Edwards, Robert. "The Heritage of Fulgentius," in The Classics in the Middle Ages, ed. A.S. Bernardo and S. Levin. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 69 (Binghamton, 1990), 141-151.

After a brief survey of medieval authors familiar with F., the author devotes most of the article to discussion of the Bernardus commentary, which he sees as departing in important respects from the hermeneutical presuppositions that govern F's project. The article draws on E's earlier discussion (see above ) and shares its heavy reliance on the discourse of literary theory.

Sees a possible model for "[t]he Beowulf-poet's concern with the themes valor, wisdom, and glory" (260) in F's threefold division habere-regere-ornare (Cont. p. 89. 18ff.). This does not necessarily mean that the poet knew F. directly. "Fulgentius ... is merely a likely source for the scheme dramatized in the poem ... When I speak of Fulgentius, I mean, in effect, someone who had read Fulgentius or someone whom Fulgentius had read" (227).

Proposes that Aeneas's moral journey (as explicated by F.) functions as a narrative archetype underlying such major medieval works as Beowulf (cf. Gardner, above), Abelard's Historia Calamitatum, Chrétien de Troyes's Erec, the Roman de la Rose, the Vita Nuova , Piers Plowman and Troilus and Criseyde; F's allegorical reading of the Aeneid stands in the same relation to these works as the Odyssey does to Joyce's Ulysses.

Argues that "Fulgentius's Virgil very precisely anticipates Dante's Virgil in at least his ideological dimensions, as well as in his narrative function as guide and expositor."

The author of the Bernardus commentary "è un fulgenziano convinto e segue il maestro in tutti i punti fondamentali," (219), but refines and expands on F's approach.

De Aetatibus

Cary, George. The Medieval Alexander, ed. D.J.A. Ross (Cambridge, 1956).

De Aetatibus X is discussed briefly on pp. 135f. and the text reprinted as an appendix (369f.). "In placing Alexander in relation to Jewish history and chronology, and stressing the Orosian attack upon his vices, Fulgentius is typical of the orthodox Christian approach to Alexander ... in his adaptation of legendary material to the purpose of condemnation, he anticipated the later development of the German accusation of Alexander." (136).

[Super Thebaiden]

Caviglia, Franco. Appunti sulla presenza di Stazio nella Commedia," Rivista di Cultura Classica e Medioevale 16 (1974), 267-279.

Padoan, Giorgio. "Teseo 'figura Redemptoris,' e il cristianesimo di Stazio," Lettere Italiane 11 (1959), 432-457, revised in his Il Pio Enea, l'empio Ulisse (Ravenna, 1977), 125-150.

Argues that the Super Thebaiden was an important influence on Dante's portrayal of a Christian Statius in the Purgatorio.

This section is intended to serve as a clearing-house for current and unpublished work on Fulgentius. Additions are welcome, either of projects underway, forthcoming articles and notes, and unpublished conference papers.

CONFERENCE PAPERS

Albu, Emily, "Disarming the Hero in Late Antiquity: Fulgentius on Arms and the Man," Annual Meeting of the American Philological Association, San Diego, Dec. 27-30, 1995.

------, "Disarming Aeneas: Fulgentius on Arms and the Man," Shifting Frontiers VII. The Power of Religion in Late Antiquity. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, March 2007.

Ferguson, Thomas. "Misquoting Plautus: The 'Classical Curriculum' of Fulgentius the Mythographer," Fourteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies, Oxford, August 18-23, 2003.

Hays, Gregory. "After the Fall: Fulgentius's De Aetatibus mundi et hominis," International Medieval Congress, Leeds, July 14-17, 2003.

-----. "Recent Work on Fulgentius," International Medieval Congress, Leeds, July 10-14, 2005.

-----. "Fulgentius the Mythographer: Manuscripts and Reception," Texts & Contexts, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, September, 2005.

-----. "Medieval Readers of Fulgentius's Expositio Sermonum Antiquorum," International Congress on Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, Michigan, May 2006.

-----. "Arta legis catena: Editing Fulgentius's De aetatibus," Texts & Contexts, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, September, 2006.

-----. "Medieval Readers of Fulgentius: the Evidence of the Glosses," International Congress on Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, Michigan, May 2007.

-----. "Fulgentius and his Renaissance Readers," Texts & Contexts, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, October 2008.

-----, "Index te libelli fefellit: The Prologue to Fulgentius's Mitologiae," Why Like Lies? Truth in the Fictions of Greco-Roman Antiquity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, April 2009.

Vössing, Konrad. "Notes on the Biographies of the Two African Fulgentii," Fourteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies, Oxford, August 18-23, 2003.

PUBLICATIONS IN PROGRESS AND FORTHCOMING

Brischoux, Bernard. French translation of the Mitologiae (doctoral thesis; University of Besançon, dir. J.-Y. Guillaumin); work on Christian elements in Mitologiae.

Dain, Philippe. Text and Translation of Mitologiae forthcoming in Polymnia's "Bibliothèque Mythographique" series (Belles Lettres).

Ferguson, Thomas. Monograph on Fulgentius.

Ibañez Chacon, Alvaro. Work on Semiramis in the De aetatibus.

Hays, Gregory.

• Commentary on the four authentic works, with introduction, text and English translation (forthcoming from Oxford University Press)
• "The Manuscripts of Fulgentius the Mythographer: a Preliminary Handlist"
• "Fulgentius" in Catalogus translationum et commentariorum (taken over from C. Kallendorf)
  

Vössing, Konrad. Article on the chronology of the two Fulgentii, to appear in Studia Patristica 14 (2004) [see Conference Papers above]

Wolff, Étienne. French translation of Mitologiae.

Recent updates:

• January 11, 2012. Added entry and summary for Hays (rev. of Gatti), Jakobi, "Zum Berner Glossar."
  
• January 9, 2012. Added summary for Wolff ("Fulgentiana")
• January 8, 2012. Added link to Venuti rev. of Wolff.; entries/summaries for Albu ("Disarming Aeneas"; Fulgentius the Mythoclast); Calderan; Riedlberger; Wolff ("Préface"); summaries for Burkard; Gualandri; Wolff ("Quelques difficultés"; "Vergil and Fulgentius").
  
• August 3, 2011. Added summary for Bisanti, "Citazioni omeriche."
• August 1, 2011. Added entry and summary for Branca, Caviglia, Fritz.
  
• July 31, 2011. Added entry and summary for Kaufmann, Emmerling-Skala; entry for Manca ("La Bibbia del De aetatibus"); ref. to reprint of Isola, "Sul problema."
  
• July 30, 2011. Added entry for Wright, "Henryson's Orpheus"; Dronke "Beginnings of the Sequence"
  
• February 5, 2011. Added entry for Dronke, Imagination.
  
• December 10, 2010. Added J-STOR links for Schulz, Anon. review of Whitbread.
  
• July 1, 2010. Added summary for Polheim, rev. Friebel.
  
• June 30, 2010. Added entry and summary for D'Anna; Sillitti. Minor adjustments.
  
• June 27, 2010. Added entry and summary for Di Piro; entry for Polheim rev. of Friebel; summary for Garstad; Langlois RAC article; Polheim, Reimprosa; minor adjustments and corrections.
• June 25, 2010. Added entry and summary for Besson; Chines; Earle; Gaisser, Fortunes; Jahn; Relihan, Cupid and Psyche; entries for Burkard; Canellis; Gualandri; Venuti, "Editio princeps"; Wolff, "Vergil and Fulgentius"; summary for Gaisser, "Allegorizing Apuleius"; link to PDF of Hays, "Varia Fulgentiana"; J-STOR link to Boys-Stones; various Google Books links.
• May 13, 2009. Added entries for Huglo; Wolff, Virgile dévoilé; Hays, "Index te libelli fefellit."
• January 26, 2009. Added entries for Hays (Ziolkowski/Putnam vol.; 2008 conference paper), Locher, Mazal.
• January 11, 2008. Added entry for Hays "Further Notes on Fulgentius"
• October 8, 2007. Added entries for Bettini, Dietl, Gaisser, Gossman, Hardman, Pio, Reitzenstein.
• July 26, 2007. Added entries for Schreckenberg; Atwood; Hays (2007 conference paper). Added J-STOR links for two Vigiliae Christianae articles. Updated Venuti, Ferguson entries in "Work in Progress" section.
• June 20, 2007. Added entry and summary for Ferguson, "Misquoting Plautus."
• May 22, 2007. Added entries for Tinkle, Keseling.
• March 2, 2007. Added entries in "Work in Progress" for Albu, Ndiaye, Selent, Hays (Ziolkowski/Putnam vol.; CTC article; 2006 Texts & Contexts paper); added entry in "Reception: Mitologiae" for McKinley.
• June 16, 2006. Added entries for Inglebert, Kelly, von den Brincken; expanded summary of Amsler.
• June 13, 2006. Added entries for Clogan ("Latin Commentaries"); Hays conference papers ("Manuscripts and Reception"; "Medieval Readers").
  
• August 24, 2005. Added entry and summary for Oehler.
• August 15, 2005. Added entry and summary for Bischoff ("Cadac-Andreas") and Kay ("Birth of Venus").
• August 1, 2005. Added entry for Mattiacci ("Le origini della versificazione").
• July 26, 2005. Added summary for Bertini ("Fortuna di Nonio").
• July 21, 2005. Added entry and summary for Bernhard ("Musiktheorie"); entry for Bertini ("Fortuna di Nonio"); minor formatting.
• July 20, 2005. Added entry and summary for Bisanti ("Galateo").
• July 18, 2005. Added summary for Boynton; titles for Hays/Manca/Wolff papers at 2005 IMC; minor formatting.
• July 8, 2005. Added entry for Wolff ("Fulgentiana").
• July 7, 2005. Added entries for Bisanti ("Medaglione"), Boynton. Added J-STOR links where available.
• July 5, 2005. Added summary for Rosa ("Doppia trestizia").
• June 21, 2005. Added entry and linked text for Lersch (Rh. Mus. 1846); entry and summary for Setaioli; entry for Rosa, "La doppia trestizia"; links to Polymnia and Bibliothèque Mythographique site.
• June 16, 2005. Added entries for Amsler; Lehmann (Modius als Handschriftenforscher). Minor corrections.