Rome and Beyond
Greece & Rome
270s Pyrrhus in S. Italy & Sicily
168 Rome conquers Macedon
146 Greece conquered: Sack of Corinth
133 Pergamon willed to Rome
64 Last Seleucid King deposed
49 Roman Civil Wars
31 Augustus defeats Antony & Cleopatra at Actium;
Egypt a Roman province
Hellenization of Rome
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Horace: "Greece enslaved enslaved her master"
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Roman bilingualism
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Athens as university town
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Vergil, Aeneid: Trojans > Rome
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Laocoon: Hellenistic or Roman?
Christian & Byzantine Greece
Greece & Christianity
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New Testament (c. 60-100 AD)
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Travels of St. Paul (d. 60 AD)
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Sporadic persecutions
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Constantine: Christianity legal (313)
Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
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Capital at Constantinople
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Justinian (ruled 527-565)
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Church of St. Sophia (532-537)
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Art: mosaic & icon painting
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Scholarship: copying of texts
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Sack by 4th Crusade (1204)
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Gradual encroachment by Turks
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Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks (1453)
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Greek refugees -> Italian Renaissance
After the Fall
Ottoman Empire
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Cultural stagnation
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Greek Revolution 1821-1832
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European philhellenism: Byron
Modern Greece
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Monarchy imported from Germany
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1922 Defeat in Asia Minor
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World War II: Italians > Nazis
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Civil War: right wing vs. communists
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The Colonels: right wing junta 1967-74
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Democracy: EU and NATO
Literature & Music
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C.P. Cavafy, "Ithaca" (1863-1933)
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George Seferis (1900-1971)
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Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957), Zorba the Greek; The
Odyssey. A Modern Sequel
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Mikis Theodorakis (1925 - )
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