Population: 200,000?
Surrounding region: Attica
Harbor: (the) Piraeus
Acropolis

• Temples
• Theater of Dionysus

Economy

• Shipping and trade; small industry
• Farming (esp. olives)
• Silver mines at Laureion

Kaloi k’agathoi
the demos/hoi polloi
------------------------
Metics
**************
Slaves

The Upper Class (kaloi k’agathoi)

• Wealth based on land ownership
• Oligarchic, pro-Spartan tendencies
• Culture: music, poetry, sophists
• Horses & hunting
• Gymnasium: sport & gossip
• Symposia: drinking parties
• Pederasty
• Older Man >< Younger Boy
• erastes (lover) >< eromenos (beloved)
• Double standard

Lower Classes (the demos aka hoi polloi)

• Farming: olives, livestock
• Manufacturing: cobblers, potters, masons, blacksmiths, etc.
• Service industries: butchers, bakers, perfume-sellers etc.

509/8 Reforms of Cleisthenes

Basic Principles

• Direct (not representative) democracy
• Mass participation
• Random selection

• New, arbitrary divisions
• Each tribe = city + coast + inland

• Meets at Pnyx
• Holds ultimate power
• All citizens can attend & vote
• Average attendance c. 5000 (?)

• Sets agenda for Assembly
• 500 members
• Groups of 50 rotate (by tribe)

• Only elected officials

• from ostrakon (potsherd)
• Loser leaves city for 10 years
• No loss of citizenship, privileges
• Means of settling policy disputes

• Extends democratic principles to legal system
• Areopagus stripped of most power (except religious law, homicide)

Absence of bureaucracy

• Lack of official record-keeping
• Laws & decrees inscribed on stone (but erratic before late 5th c.)
• No public prosecutor
• No police force (public slaves as bailiffs)
• Volunteer jury pool (small daily payment under Pericles)

Trial Procedure

• Very large juries (100-6000)
• No judge or rules of evidence
• No lawyers (speechwriters allowed)
• Witnesses called but not key
• 1-2 timed speeches per side

• No jury debate
• Simple majority for conviction
• Prosecutor penalized if < 1/5

• Both sides propose: fine, exile or death
• No prison sentences
• Executions carried out immediately