BARBARA A. SPELLMAN

BARBARA A. Spellman

307B 2nd St., NW Department of Psychology

Charlottesville, VA 22902 University of Virginia

(434) 979-5865 P.O. Box 400400

spellman@virginia.edu Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400

(434) 243-4925

Academic Appointments

2008 – present Professor of Law, University of Virginia

2007 – present Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia

Fall 2006 Visiting Associate Professor, University of Minnesota Law School

Fall 2006 Visiting Scholar, Department of Psychology, New York University

Winter 2006 Visiting Scholar, Department of Psychology, UCLA

2001 – 2007 Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia

Fall 2000 Visiting Scholar, Department of Psychology, New York University

1997 - 2001 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia

1993 - 1997 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Texas

Previous Professional Positions

1985-1987 Legal Writer, Matthew Bender & Company (publisher), NY, NY

1982-1984 Associate, Chadbourne & Parke (law firm), NY, NY

Education

University of California, Los Angeles Ph.D. (Psychology), June 1993

Dissertation: The Construction of Causal Explanations

New York University School of Law J.D., June 1982

Admitted to New York State Bar: 1983

Wesleyan University; Middletown, Connecticut B.A. (Philosophy), June 1979

Research Interests

Causal, Counterfactual, Analogical, and Inductive Reasoning; Judgment & Decision Making; Metacognition; Social Cognition; Psychology and Law; Psychological Underpinnings of Evidence Law; Legal Decision Making

Academic Honors, Awards, and Visible Positions

Editor, Perspectives on Psychological Science (2010-2014)

National Academies Committee on Behavioral and Social Science Research to Improve Intelligence Analysis for National Security (2009 – present)

Associate Editor, Thinking & Reasoning (2009)

Associate Editor, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (2006-2008)

Associate Editor, Psychological Science (2002-04)

Governing Board, Psychonomic Society (2003-2008)

Secretary, Association for Psychological Science (APS) (2000-05)

Fellow, Association for Psychological Science (APS)

Fellow, Society of Experimental Social Psychology (SESP)

Women in Cognitive Science Mentorship Award (2004)

APA Division 3 (Experimental Psychology) 1998 New Investigator Award for best paper in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.

Major Research Grants

National Science Foundation

Title: Problems for Investigation for the Analyst of the Future Program

Dates: 7/04 - 8/07; Amount: $479,000

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) FIRST Award

Title: Judgments of Causal Efficacy

Dates: 8/98 - 7/03; Amount: $350,000

Academic / Intellectual Enrichment Grants

Women in Cognitive Science Mentorship Award

Dates: 2004-05

Amount: $2000 for Student Co-authors' Conference Travel

University of Virginia School of Law

Title: Law and Cognitive Psychology Speaker Series

Dates: 9/02 – 5/04; Amount: $7500 per year

University of Virginia, Interdisciplinary Workshop Grant

Title: Current Directions in Cognitive Science

Dates: 9/00 - 5/02; Amount: $13,000

Publications

Edited Books and Volumes

Spellman, B. A., & Busey, T. A. (Eds). (2010). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Special Issue: Emerging Trends in Psychology and Law Research, 17, 141-191.

Spellman, B. A., & Willingham, D. T. (Eds). (2005). Current Directions in Cognitive Science: Readings from the American Psychological Society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education / Prentice Hall.

Articles and Chapters

Tenney, E. R., & Spellman, B. A. (accepted). Complex social consequences of self-knowledge. Social Psychological and Personality Science.

Spellman, B. A. (in press). Law and psychology. In B. van Klink & S. Taekema (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Research into Law. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck.

Tenney, E. R., Small, J. E., Kondrad, R. L., Jaswal, V. K., & Spellman, B. A. (accepted pending revisions). Accuracy, confidence, and calibration: How young children and adults assess credibility. Developmental Psychology.

Spellman, B. A., Tenney, E. R., & Scalia, M. J. (in press). Relying on other people’s metamemory. In A. S. Benjamin (Ed.), Successful Remembering and Successful Forgetting: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert A. Bjork (pp. 391-411). Psychology Press.

Kesebir, S., Oishi, S., & Spellman, B. A. (2010). The socio-ecological approach turns variance among populations from a liability to an asset. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 96-97. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X10000129

Spellman, B. A., & Tenney, E. R. (2010). Credibility in and out of court. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17, 168-173.

Ranganath, K. A., Spellman, B. A., & Joy-Gaba, J. A. (2010). Cognitive “category-based induction” research and social “persuasion” research are each about what makes arguments believable: A tale of two literatures. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 115-122.

Spellman, B. A. (2010). Judges, expertise, and analogy. In D. Klein & G. Mitchell (Eds.), The Psychology of Judicial Decision Making (pp. 149-164). New York: Oxford University Press.

Spellman, B. A., & Schnall, S. (2009). Embodied rationality. Queen’s Law Journal, 35(1), 117-164.

Tenney, E. R., Cleary, H. M. D., & Spellman, B. A. (2009). Unpacking the doubt in “beyond a reasonable doubt”: Plausible alternative stories increase not guilty verdicts. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31, 1-8. [Revised for legal application and published with response and replies as: “This other dude did it!” A test of the alternative explanation defense. The Jury Expert, 21(4), 37-42. Available at: http://www.astcweb.org/public/publication/issue.cfm.]

Spellman, B. A., & Schauer, F. (2009). Artists’ moral rights and the psychology of ownership. Tulane Law Review, 83, 661-678.

Tenney, E. R., Spellman, B. A., & MacCoun, R. J. (2008). The benefits of knowing what you know (and what you don’t): How calibration affects credibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1368-1375.

Spellman, B. A., Bloomfield, A., & Bjork, R. A. (2008). Measuring memory and metamemory: Theoretical and statistical problems with assessing learning (in general) and using gamma (in particular) to do so. In J. Dunlosky & R. A. Bjork (Eds.), A Handbook of Memory and Metamemory (pp. 95-116). New York: Psychology Press.

Spellman, B. A., & Ndiaye, D. G. (2007). The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30(4), 466-67.

Spellman, B. A. (2007). On the supposed expertise of judges in evaluating evidence. 156 University of Pennsylvania Law Review PENNumbra 1 (March 2007); http://www.pennumbra.com/responses/03-2007/Spellman.pdf

Tenney, E. R., MacCoun, R. J., Spellman, B. A., & Hastie, R. (2007). Calibration trumps confidence as the basis for witness credibility. Psychological Science, 18, 46-50. (Editor’s Choice for “Highlights of the Recent Literature” in Science, 315, 574, 2 Feb 2007.)

Spellman, B. A., DeLoache, J., & Bjork, R. A. (2007). Making claims in papers and talks. In R. J. Sternberg, H. L. Roediger, & D. Halpern (Eds.), Critical Thinking in Psychology, (pp. 177-195). Cambridge University Press.

Goedert, K. M., Harsch, J., & Spellman, B. A. (2005). Discounting and conditionalization: Dissociable cognitive processes in human causal inference. Psychological Science, 16, 590-595.

Spellman, B. A., Kincannon, A., & Stose, S. (2005). The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. In D. R. Mandel, D. J. Hilton, & P. Catellani (Eds.), The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking (pp. 28-43). London: Routledge Research.

Robinson, P. H., & Spellman, B. A. (2005). Sentencing decisions: Matching the decisionmaker to the decision nature. Columbia Law Review, 105(4), 1124-1161.

Goedert, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (2005). Non-normative discounting: There is more to cue-interaction effects than controlling for alternative causes. Learning & Behavior, 33, 197-210.

Spellman, B. A. (2004). Reflections of a recovering lawyer: How becoming a cognitive psychologist -- and (in particular) studying analogical and causal reasoning -- changed my views about the field of psychology and law. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 79(3), 1187-1214.

Dunn, E. W., & Spellman, B. A. (2003). Forgetting by remembering: Stereotype inhibition through rehearsal of alternative aspects of identity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 420-433.

Kincannon, A., & Spellman, B. A. (2003). The use of category and similarity information in limiting hypotheses. Memory & Cognition, 31, 114-132.

Spellman, B. A., & Mandel, D. R. (2003). Causal reasoning, psychology of. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (Vol. 1, pp. 461-466). London: Nature Publishing Group.

Green, A. J., Spellman, B. A., Dusek, J. A., Eichenbaum, H., & Levy, W. G. (2001). Relational learning with and without awareness: Transitive inference using non-verbal stimuli in humans. Memory & Cognition, 29, 893-902.

Spellman, B. A., & Kincannon, A. (2001). The relation between counterfactual ("but for") and causal reasoning: Experimental findings and implications for jurors' decisions. Law and Contemporary Problems: Causation in Law and Science, 64(4), 241-264.

Spellman, B. A., Holyoak, K. J., & Morrison, R. G. (2001). Analogical priming via semantic relations. Memory & Cognition, 29, 383-393.

Spellman, B. A., Price, C. M., & Logan, J. (2001). How two causes are different from one: The use of (un)conditional information in Simpson’s paradox. Memory & Cognition, 29, 193-208.

Cohen, L. B., Rundell, L. J., Spellman, B. A., & Cashon, C. H. (1999). Infants’ perception of causal chains. Psychological Science, 10, 412-418.

Spellman, B. A., & Mandel, D. R. (1999). When possibility informs reality: Counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 120-123.

Spellman, B. A., López, A., & Smith, E. E. (1999). Hypothesis testing: Strategy selection for generalizing versus limiting hypotheses. Thinking & Reasoning, 5, 67-91.

Spellman, B. A. (1997). Crediting causality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 323-348.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1996). Pragmatics in analogical mapping. Cognitive Psychology, 31, 307-366.

Spellman, B. A. (1996). Acting as intuitive scientists: Contingency judgments are made while controlling for alternative potential causes. Psychological Science, 7, 337-342.

Spellman, B. A. (1996). Conditionalizing causality. In D. R. Shanks, K. J. Holyoak, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 34: Causal Learning (pp. 167-206). San Diego: Academic.

Spellman, B. A. (1996). The implicit use of base rates in experiential and ecologically valid tasks. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 38.

Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (1995). On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case. Psychological Review, 102, 68-100.

Spellman, B. A., Ullman, J. B., & Holyoak, K. J. (1993). A coherence model of cognitive consistency: Dynamics of attitude change during the Persian Gulf War. Journal of Social Issues, 49(4), 147-165.

Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (1993). Thinking. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 265-315.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1992). If Saddam is Hitler then who is George Bush? Analogical mapping between systems of social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 913-933.

Spellman, B. A., & Bjork, R. A. (1992). When predictions create reality: Judgments of learning may alter what they are intended to assess. Psychological Science, 3, 315-316.

Editorials

Spellman, B. A., & Busey, T. A. (2010). Emerging trends in psychology and law research: An editorial overview. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17, 141-142.

Spellman, B. A. (2010). Letter from the incoming editor. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 3-4.

Short reports

Goedert, K. M., Grimm, L. R., Markman, A. B., & Spellman, B. A. (2007). Self-construal and the processing of base rate information in a contingency learning task. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 1759). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

Spellman, B. A. (2004). The relations between causal (x2) and counterfactual reasoning, the hindsight bias, and regret. In K. Forbus, D. Gentner, & T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 39). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Levy, W. B., Wu, X., Greene, A. J., & Spellman, B. A. (2002). A source of individual variation. Neurocomputing. Proceedings of the Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS02), Chicago, July 2002.

Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (2000). Analogical priming in a word naming task. In L. Gleitman & A. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 1045). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kincannon, A., & Spellman, B. A. (1999). Selecting evidence to limit hypotheses. In M. Hahn & S. C. Stoness (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 798). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1993). An inhibitory mechanism for goal-directed analogical mapping. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, (pp. 947-952). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Specialty magazines

Spellman, B. A. (January 2010). Perspectives on Perspectives from the new editor. Observer: Published by the American Psychological Society, 23(1), 9-11.

Spellman, B. A. (March 2005). Could reality shows become reality experiments? Observer: Published by the American Psychological Society, 18(3), pp. 34-35.

Spellman, B. A. (July/August 2001). Got the IRB blues? Some things you can do. Observer: Published by the American Psychological Society, 14(6), pp. 5-6.

Spellman, B. A. (October 1996). Degree of difficulty. [Letter to the editor on the misuse of probability information by a lawyer to a client.] American Bar Association Journal, p. 10.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1996). Sex differences in bridge. The Bulletin of the American Contract Bridge League, pp. 81-82.

Spellman, B. A. (April 1994). Bridge and memory: Some surprising insights. The Bulletin of the American Contract Bridge League, pp. 54-56.

Manuscripts in Preparation or under Review (status as of 11/1/2010)

Saks, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. Psychology and the Law of Evidence. NYU Press. (book under contract).

Schauer, F., & Spellman, B. A. Social cognition and the law. For D. Carlston (Ed.), Handbook of Social Cognition. Oxford University Press.

Skorinko, J. L., Bountress, K. E., Kuckuck, D. G., & Spellman, B. A. Effect of perspective-taking on decision-making in the courtroom.

Spellman, B. A. Individual thinking. National Academy of Sciences. (accepted pending revisions).

Spellman, B. A., & Schauer, F. Legal reasoning. For K. J. Holyoak & R. G. Morrison (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Oxford University Press. (accepted pending revisions).

Spellman, B. A., & Ndiaye, D. G. The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning: Availability mediates some of the similarities and differences in judgment.

Invited Talks and Workshops

Causes, counterfactuals, and courts.

Northeastern University, October 2010.

Of courtrooms and war rooms: Decision making under source uncertainty.

Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Briefing, University of Virginia, January 2010

(Re-)Considering credibility.

Law and Cognitive Science Colloquium Series, Baldy Center for Law and Social Policy, SUNY Buffalo, November 2009.

Law and Psychology Colloquium Series, Northwestern University School of Law, Chicago, September 2009.

Embodied cognition (with Simone Schnall).

Workshop at University of Virginia School of Law, February 2009.

Relying on other people’s metacognition.

Successful remembering and successful forgetting: A Festschrift in honor of Robert A. Bjork. University of California, Los Angeles, January 2009.

Artist’s moral rights and the psychology of ownership (with Fred Schauer).

Workshop series on the law and economics of intellectual property, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, November 2008.

Evaluating information from uncertain, deceptive, and unreliable sources.

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, November 2008.

Judges, expertise, and decision making.

Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany, November 2008.

Embodied rationality. Conference on The Emerging Paradigms of Rationality: Theory and Applications. Institute for Law & Rationality, University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN, November 2008.

Conundrums of causation.

New York University, April 2008.

Truth & lies, courts & spies: Decisions relying on questionable informants.

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, March 2009.

Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal, May 2008.

Keynote Address at the Ninth Annual Mid-Atlantic Regional Conference of Undergraduate Scholarship (MARCUS), Sweet Briar, VA, October 2007.

Emory University, September 2007.

Lessons learned for future intelligence research from the Analyst of the Future Program.

RAND Corporation Workshop on NGA Analysis, Washington, DC, July 2007.

Workshop: Improving Intelligence Analysis: What Works? How Can We Tell? Lessons from Outside the Intelligence Community sponsored by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Chantilly, VA, January 2007.

Truth & lies, courts & spies: Judgments under source uncertainty.

Association for Psychological Science, May 2007.

John Jay College of Criminal Justice, November 2006.

New York University, Department of Psychology, November 2006.

Yale University, Department of Psychology, October 2006.

Princeton University, Department of Psychology, October 2006.

University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, September 2006.

The great analogy debate: Spellman v Schauer on the role of analogy in legal reasoning.

University of Minnesota School of Law, October 2006.

Why “Psychology and Law” does not equal “Law and Psychology” (and some things I am doing about it).

Florida State University School of Law, November 2006.

Indiana University School of Law, October 2006.

University of Minnesota School of Law, September 2006.

Out of the lab and out of the box: Intelligence-relevant issues in reasoning.

Workshop: Penetrating Denied Minds: Understanding and Predicting Human Behavior sponsored by the Science and Technology Expert Partnership (STEP) and the Director of National Intelligence, McLean, VA, May 2006.

Of courtrooms and war rooms: Decisions requiring the assessment of deception, reliability, calibration, and the attempt to conceal information.

UCLA Anderson Business School Behavioral Decision Making Group, February 2006.

University of California -- Irvine, February 2006.

Incorporating intelligence-relevant variables into “standard” cognitive research: Experiments on deception, reliability, redundancy, and type of information source.

CIA Headquarters, Langley, Virginia, January 2006.

Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis, Reston, VA, December 2006.

Why psychology plus law does not equal "psychology & law" (and what we can do about it).

University of Oregon, May 2005.

The relations between causal (x2) and counterfactual reasoning, the hindsight bias, and regret (and the kitchen sink).

University of Oregon, Decision Sciences, May 2005.

North Carolina Cognition Conference, February 2005.

University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, November 2004.

Carnegie-Mellon University, Department of Social and Decision Sciences, October 2004.

Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science, March 2004.

Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Berlin, August 2003.

Confessions of a recovering lawyer: How a decade of cognitive psychology research frightens the lawyer within.

Conference on Law &: Philosophical, Psychological and Linguistic Perspectives on Legal Scholarship, Chicago-Kent Law School, Chicago, October 2003.

Some things I know about memory and reasoning (that you should know too).

CIA Analyst of the Future Workshop, Airlie Center, Warrenton, VA, June 2003.

The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning: Experimental findings and implications for jurors' decisions.

Keynote address to the (British) Experimental Psychology Society, Bristol, UK, April 2001.

From word lists to stereotypes: Inhibition in and out of social cognition.

New York University, Psychology Department, December 2000.

The relation between counterfactual ("but for") and causal reasoning: Experimental findings and implications for jurors' decisions (with A. Kincannon).

Conference on Causation in Law and Science sponsored by Law and Contemporary Problems, Duke University Law School, November 2000.

Causal reasoning in science and law.

Keynote Address at the 15^th Annual Psi Chi Symposium, Mary Washington College, Fredericksburg, VA, April 2000.

Reasoning.

DARPA Neuroscience Workshop, Airlie Center, Warrenton, VA, December 1999.

When possibility informs reality: Counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality.

Washington University, St. Louis, Psychology Department, October 1999.

Causal and counterfactual reasoning.

Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, Psychology Department, July 1999.

Causal reasoning in a complex world.

Michigan State University, Psychology Department, February 1998.

University of North Carolina - Greensboro, Psychology Department, January 1998.

Conditionalizing causality.

University of Virginia, Psychology Department, February 1997.

Harvard University, Psychology Department, January 1997.

University of California, San Diego, Cognitive Science Department, April 1996.

Indiana University, Cognitive Science Colloquium Series, March 1996.

University of Washington, Psychology Department, March 1996.

Who (or what) done it? And how do we decide?

42nd Annual Convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association (SWPA), Houston, TX, April 1996.

Overcoming Simpson's Paradox: The use of base rates and conditional contingencies to eliminate cue interaction effects.

University of Texas, Business School, April 1995.

Memory and metamemory: You don't mean I don't know what I think I know (do you)?

Baylor University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, April 1994.

The construction of causal explanations.

Duke University, Department of Psychology: Social and Health Sciences, March 1993.

Columbia University, Psychology Department, March 1993.

New York University, Psychology Department, February 1993.

University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Psychology Department, February 1993.

Williams College, Psychology Department, February 1993.

University of Texas at Austin, Psychology Department, January 1993.

Notre Dame University, Psychology Department, January 1993.

Inhibitory mechanisms in memory and analogy.

University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Psychology Department, February 1993.

Conference Symposia, Paper, and Poster Presentations

Kondrad, R. L., Tenney, E. R., Jaswal, V. K., & Spellman, B. A. (in April 2011). Children use calibration to judge credibility in a perfectly predictive context. Poster to presented at the 2011 Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Biennial Meeting, Montreal.

Spellman, B. A., Holland, C., Gilbert, E., & Tenney, E. R. (November 2010). When knowledge matters to causation. Paper presented at the 2010 Conference on Empirical Legal Studies, New Haven, CT.

Spellman, B. A. (March 2010). Credibility in the courtroom. Paper presented at the Eastern Psychological Association (EPA) Meeting, New York.

Skorinko, J. L., Bountress, K., Kuckuck, D., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2010). Perspective-taking in the courtroom. Poster presented at the 2010 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), Vancouver.

Ndiaye, D. G., & Spellman, B. A. (Nov 2009). Effects of valence and constraints on action in causal judgments. Poster presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston.

Small, J. E., Tenney, E. R., Kondrad, R. L, Jaswal, V. K., & Spellman, B. A. (April 2009). Young children use accuracy and confidence, but not calibration, when judging credibility. Poster presented at the 2009 Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Biennial Meeting, Denver.

Spellman, B. A. (March 2009). The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. Symposium: Causation in the law (and in psychology) at the 2009 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), San Antonio, TX.

Spellman, B. A., & Tenney, E. R. (November 2008). Evaluating witnesses’ believability by assessing calibration. Symposium: Psychology and Law: Emerging Trends Addressed by Empirical Studies at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago.

Spellman, B. A. (November 2008). New directions in psychology and law. Symposium: Psychology and Law: Emerging Trends Addressed by Empirical Studies at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago.

Spellman, B. A., & Ndiaye, D. G. (August 2008). Reconceptualizing the relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning: The availability of alternatives. Symposium: Counterfactual Thinking at the Sixth International Conference on Thinking, Venice, Italy.

Spellman, B. A. (July 2008). Relying on others’ statements of confidence. Paper presented at the Annual Summer Interdisciplinary Conference (ASIC), Madonna di Compiglio, Italy.

Spellman, B. A., & Schauer, F. (March 2008). Artists’ moral rights and the limits of ownership. Symposium: A Psychological Perspective on Property Law: Current Topics and Future Directions at the 2008 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), Jacksonville, FL.

Tenney, E. R., Spellman, B. A., & MacCoun, R. J. (November 2007). Being believable: Jurors trust well-calibrated witnesses. Poster presented at the Second Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (CELS), New York.

Skorinko, J. L., Bountress, K., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2007). Effect of perspective-taking on decision-making in the courtroom. Poster presented at the Second Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (CELS), New York.

Bawa, S., Spellman, B. A., & Dodson, C. (November 2007). Retrieval inhibition versus encoding explanations of (list-method) directed forgetting. Poster presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Long Beach, CA.

Goedert, K. M., Grimm., L. R., Markman, A. B., & Spellman, B. A. (August 2007). Self-construal and the processing of base rate information in a contingency learning task. Poster presented at the Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Nashville, TN.

Spellman, B. A., & Tenney, E. R. (March 2007). Curing over-reliance on witness confidence by providing calibration information. Paper presented at Off the Witness Stand: Using Psychology in the Practice of Justice Conference, New York.

Tenney, E. R., MacCoun, R. J., Spellman, B. A., & Hastie, R. (November 2006). Being believable: Jurors trust well-calibrated witnesses. Paper presented at the 2006 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Houston, TX.

Joy, J. A., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2006). The effects of presenting verbal versus numeric evidence in liability judgments. Poster presented at the 2006 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Houston, TX.

Tenney, E. R., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2006). Calibration versus confidence: Making inferences about the memory of others. Paper presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Houston, TX.

Tenney, E. R., & Spellman, B. A. (October 2006). Eyewitness calibration may be more important than eyewitness confidence when jurors assess credibility. Poster presented at the First Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (CELS), Austin, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (July 2006). The rationality of reasoning by analogy. Symposium: Between Passion and Rationality: How Do Legal Norms Regulate Cognition at the Law and Society Association (LSA) 2006 Annual Meeting, Baltimore.

Stefanucci, J. K., Bowles, R. P., & Spellman, B. A. (May 2006). Political beliefs predict resiliency to the September 11, 2001 attacks. Poster presented at the 18th Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science (APS), New York.

Spellman, B. A., & Stefanucci, J. K. (May 2006). Remembrance of emotions past: How did you feel after September 11, 2001? Poster presented at the 18th Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science (APS), New York.

Tenney, E. R., Spellman, B. A., MacCoun, R. J., & Hastie, R. (March 2006). Calibration, not confidence, may be the key to witness credibility. Paper presented at the 2006 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), St. Petersburg, FL.

Eliezer, D., Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2006). When anti-discrimination laws fail: Stereotype suppression and discrimination against elderly workers. Paper presented at the 2006 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), St. Petersburg, FL.

Hendricks, L., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2005). Advisor intentions and decisions under uncertainty: Deception leads to more risk aversion than ignorance. Poster presented at the 2005 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Toronto, Canada.

Tenney, E. R., Hendricks, L., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2005). The preference for redundancy decreases when information is provided by human sources. Poster presented at the 2005 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Toronto, Canada.

Whitchurch, E. R., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2005). The effect of source reliability on anchoring in judgment tasks. Poster presented at the 2005 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Toronto, Canada.

Spellman, B. A., Bjork, R. A., & Blumenthal. A. (November 2005). Measuring metamemory: Why Gamma can't tell us what we want to know. Symposium: Thomas O. Nelson Memorial Symposium sponsored by the International Association for Metacognition, Toronto, Canada.

Spellman, B. A. (June 2005). Categories in the mind, world, and legal system. Symposium: Categorization in the Law at the Law and Society Association (LSA) 2005 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2005). Is it the man dressed in black or the Black man? Paper presented at the 2005 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), La Jolla, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (February 2005). Categorization in lab and law. Symposium: Conceptual Representation at the Eastern Psychological Association (EPA) Meeting, Boston, MA.

Tenney, E. R., Daglis, H. M., Schneider, J. P., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2005). Unpacking a verdict into alternative hypotheses. Poster presented at the 2005 American Psychology-Law Society Conference (AP-LS), La Jolla, CA.

Goedert, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2004). True causal discounting exists despite controlling for alternative causes: A disconfirmation of Spellman (1996). Paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN.

Spellman, B. A. (August 2004). The relations between causal (x2) and counterfactual reasoning, the hindsight bias, and regret. Paper presented at the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Chicago.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2004). Stereotypic crimes and consequences for juror decision-making. Paper presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Biennial Conference (AP-LS), Scottsdale, AZ.

Walker-Wilson, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2004). Objection! The unintended consequences of attorney interruptions. Paper presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Biennial Conference (AP-LS), Scottsdale, AZ.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2004). Justice served: Stereotypic crimes and decision making. Poster presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Austin, TX.

Spellman, B. A., & Stose, S. J. (August 2003). Regret is both a causal and counterfactual emotion. Symposium: Recent Developments in Regret Research at SPUDM (Subjective Probability, Utility, and Decision Making Conference), Zurich, Switzerland.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2003). When is a crime stereotypic? Poster presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Los Angeles.

Walker-Wilson, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2003). Objecting to objections: Spotlight attention, judge instructions, and jurors’ use of forbidden information. Poster presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Los Angeles.

Spellman, B. A., & Stose, S. J. (November 2002). Regret is both a causal and counterfactual emotion. Poster presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Kansas City, MO.

Stose, S. J., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2002). A causal definition of counterfactual regret. Poster presented at the 2002 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Kansas City, MO.

Stefanucci, J. K., Poppe, A. C., & Spellman, B. A. (June 2002). The September 11, 2001 attacks: College students' changes in behavioral and emotional responses. Poster presented at the 14th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, New Orleans.

Poppe, A. C., Stefanucci, J. K., & Spellman, B. A. (June 2002). The September 11, 2001 attacks: Gender differences in behavioral and emotional responses. Poster presented at the 14th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, New Orleans.

Spellman, B. A. (May 2002). (New) Adventures in psychology & law. Paper presented at the 14th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Buck Island, NC.

Walker-Wilson, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2002). The objection to objections: Attentional cues and jurors’ use of forbidden information. Poster presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Biennial Conference (AP-LS), Austin, TX.

Dunn, E. W., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2002). Stereotype inhibition through rehearsal of other aspects of identity. Poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Savannah, GA.

Levy, W. B., Greene, A. J., Hogan, M., Spellman, B. A., & Wu, X. (November 2001). A neural network model of the hippocampus predicts human training sensitivities. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Orlando, FL.

Spellman, B. A., & Dunn, E. W. (August 2001). Inhibitory mechanisms in the use of stereotypes. Symposium: Inhibitory Processes in Memory at the International Conference on Memory, Valencia, Spain.

Spellman, B. A. (June 2001). What I would have thought about counterfactual reasoning had I not gone to the counterfactual reasoning conference in Aix-en-Provence. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (May 2001). Wine, women, and Wells: Why thinking about more (consequent-changing) counterfactuals leads to greater attributions of causality. Paper presented at the EAESP Small Group Meeting on Counterfactual Thinking, La Baume, Aix-en-Provence, France.

Spellman, B. A., & Dunn, E. W. (April 2001). From word lists to stereotypes: Inhibition in higher-order cognition. Symposium: Inhibitory Processes in Human Memory at the (British) Experimental Psychology Society, Bristol, UK.

Spellman, B. A. (February 2001). Inhibitory mechanisms in social (and non-social) cognition. Symposium: Inhibitory Processes in Person Perception at the Second Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Antonio, TX.

Walker, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2001). Objecting to objections: How jurors remember and use forbidden information. Poster presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Antonio.

Spellman, B. A. (November 2000). How possibility informs reality: The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. Symposium: Is Everyday Causal Reasoning Rational? at the 41st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.

Goedert, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2000). Causal discounting occurs even with reasons to accurately judge the weaker cause. Poster presented at the 2000 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans.

Kincannon, A. & Spellman, B.A. (November 2000). The effect of generating alternatives on limiting hypotheses. Poster presented at the 2000 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans.

Meyers, N. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2000). Adjusting causal attributions in light of counterfactual alternatives. Poster presented at the 2000 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans.

Spellman, B. A. (August 2000). The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. Symposium: Causal Reasoning at the Fourth International Conference on Thinking sponsored by the British Psychological Society, Durham, UK.

Kincannon, A. & Spellman, B. A. (August 2000). Selecting diagnostic evidence for limiting hypotheses. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Thinking sponsored by the British Psychological Society, Durham, UK.

Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (August 2000). Analogical priming in a word naming task. Poster presented at the Twenty-second Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Dunn, E. W., & Spellman, B. A. (May 2000). Remembering to forget: Successful stereotype suppression through rehearsal of another aspect of identity. Poster presented at the 12th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Miami Beach, FL.

Hill, C. A., & Spellman B. A. (January 2000). A portfolio perspective on decision theory. Symposium: Are People Rational? Does it Matter? in the Section on Law and Economics at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Law Schools, Washington, DC.

Kincannon, A., Hertz, M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 1999). Strategies people use for limiting hypotheses. Poster presented at the 1999 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Los Angeles, CA.

Goedert-Eschmann, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 1999). Controlling for competing causes requires attention at encoding. Poster presented at the 1999 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Los Angeles, CA.

Spellman, B. A., & Kincannon, A. (November 1999). Selecting evidence for limiting hypotheses. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA.

Greene, A. J., Spellman, B. A., Christmen, D. S., Dusek, J. A., & Levy, W. B. (November 1999). Nondeclarative hippocampal memory. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA.

Kincannon, A., & Spellman, B. A. (August 1999). Selecting evidence to limit hypotheses. Poster presented at the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver, BC.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1999). Counterfactual reasoning is a basis for causal attribution, isn't it? Symposium: Attributional processes: Classical and Connectionist Perspectives at the XIIth General Meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, Oxford, UK.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1999). Causal attribution in cases of causal overdetermination: Reasoning when the legal “but for” test fails. Poster presented at the Joint Conference of the American Psychology-Law Society and the European Association of Psychology & Law, Dublin, Ireland.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1999). Using cognitive theories of inhibition to explain various phenomena in social cognition. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Goedert-Eschmann, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 1998). Speeded causality judgments are conditionalized on competing causes. Poster presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Dallas, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1998). Cutting theories down to size. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (May 1998). Don't let an "If only...” get you down: Mutability is not causality. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.

Cohen, L. B., Rundell, L. J., Spellman, B. A., & Cashon, C. H. (April 1998). Infants’ perception of causal chains. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies (ICIS), Atlanta, GA.

Spellman, B. A., & Bjork, R. A. (November 1997). When prophecy succeeds (too well): Inaccurate judgments of learning can produce better-than-perfect predictions. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1997). Causal and counterfactual reasoning: Some legal implications. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Spellman, B. A., & Price, C. M. (November 1996). Simpson’s paradox, base rates, and conditionalizing causality judgments. Poster presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL.

Spellman, B. A. (August 1996). Causality versus mutability: The importance of changing the probability of the outcome. Poster presented at the Third International Conference on Thinking, London, UK.

López, A., Spellman, B. A., & Smith, E. E. (August 1996). On how to make people falsify when testing hypotheses. Poster presented at the Third International Conference on Thinking, London, UK.

Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (July 1996). If Saddam is Hitler then I am not a pacifist: A parallel constraint satisfaction model of cognitive consistency. Symposium: Connectionism and Parallel Constraint Satisfaction Models of Social Reasoning at the Eighth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, San Francisco, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1996). Conditionalizing contingency judgments: Comparing social and cognitive tasks. Paper presented at the 8th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Corolla, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (November 1995). Contingency judgments are conditionalized on the constancy of other causes. Poster presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society and the 1995 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Los Angeles, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (August 1995). If Saddam is Hitler then I am not a pacifist: A parallel constraint satisfaction model of cognitive consistency. Symposium: Parallel Constraint Satisfaction Processes in Social Cognition at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, New York, NY.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1995). When causality and mutability don’t meet. Paper presented at the 7th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Corolla, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (May 1995). Wason's 246 meets premise diversity: Humans as intuitive scientists. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Southwest Cognition Conference (ARMADILLO), College Station, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (April 1995). Overcoming Simpson's Paradox: Using base rates in causal reasoning. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association (SWPA), San Antonio, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (November 1994). Causal attributions are based on probability changes -- Not sequence or mutability. Poster presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO.

Spellman, B. A. (May 1994). Crediting causality. Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Southwest Cognition Conference (ARMADILLO), San Antonio, TX.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (June 1993). An inhibitory mechanism for goal-directed analogical mapping. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, CO.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (November 1992). Both pragmatic and structural constraints guide analogical mapping. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1992). Causal attribution and the problem of intent. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Thinking, Plymouth, UK.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (November 1991). If Saddam is Hitler then who is George Bush? Coherence in analogical mapping. Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1991). Analogical priming: Effects of semantic relations. Paper presented at the International Conference on Memory, Lancaster, UK.

Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (June 1991). Retrieval practice inhibits similar memories, regardless of whether common cues are shared. Poster presented at the Third Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (November 1990). Analogical priming of semantic relations in a lexical decision task. Poster presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.

Teaching Experience

Law:

Evidence

Empirical Methods in the Law

Psychology and Law

Psychology of the Deciders: Judges, Jurors, and Juries

Graduate:

Cognitive Psychology

Thinking and Reasoning

Psychology and Law

Causal and Counterfactual Reasoning

Proseminar in Social Psychology (team taught)

Undergraduate:

Introduction to Cognition

Research Methods & Data Analysis

Advanced Experimental Methods (lab)

Thinking About Thinking (seminar)

Psychology and Law: Cognitive and Social Issues (seminar)

Psychology of Information and Persuasion (university seminar)

Department and University Service

University and Interdisciplinary

Faculty Senate (2010-present)

Faculty Recruitment, Retention, and Welfare Committee (2010)

Investigator Advisory Committee to University of Virginia IRBs (2008-present)

Admissions Office Faculty Outreach Events (Fall 2007)

Appreciation Award, The Virginia Themis (pre-law) Society (2007)

First Year Seminar Speaker (“Building Relationships with Faculty”) (2007)

Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the Social Sciences (2004-05; 2007-2008)

Fellowship Endorsement Committee (2004-05)

Law and Cognitive Psychology Speaker Series, Co-Director (2002-04)

College Science Advisory Committee (2003-04)

Faculty Forum for Scientific Research (2002-2005)

University Seminar (USEM) Course (Fall 02, Fall 03, Fall 05, Spring 09)

All-University Retreat, Invited Attendee (Fall 2003)

Dean’s Sesquicentennial Committee (Fall 2002)

First-year and Transfer Advising (2001-03)

Current Directions in Cognitive Science Workshop, Co-Director (2000-02)

School of Law

Empirical Studies Committee, Chair (2009-present)

Department of Psychology

Steering Committee, Chair (2009-present)

Colloquium Committee (2007-present); Chair (2009-2010)

Social Interaction Lab Committee, Chair (2009-2010)

APS (Association for Psychological Science) Visit Coordinator (2007)

Salary Review Committee (2007)

Tenure Committees (Goehler, Dodson)

Cognitive Area Head (2002-03)

Social Search Committee (2001-02; 2002-03)

Faculty Mentor (2002-2007)

Director of Graduate Studies and Graduate Admissions (2001-02)

Graduate Committee, Member (2002-04), Chair (2001-02)

Steering Committee, Substitute Member (Spring 2003)

Steering Committee, Ex Officio Member (2001-02)

Third Year Review Committees (Sinclair, Erisir, Nosek)

Undergraduate Committee (2001)

Cognitive Science Major Advising (1999-2009)

Psychology Major Advising (1998-present)

Steering Committee, Member (1998-2000)

Cognitive Search Committee (1999-2000)

Women’s Concerns Committee (1999-2000)

Faculty Representative to Academic Advising Fair (1999, 2002, 2004)

Pathfinder Pre-Dissertation Award Committee (1997)

Professional Service

National

National Academies Committee on Behavioral and Social Science Research to Improve Intelligence Analysis for National Security (2009 – present)

Organizational

Eastern Psychological Association, Program on Psychology and Law, Chair (2010)

American Psychology-Law Society Interdisciplinary Grant Committee, Chair (2009-10)

Association for Psychological Science (APS), Fellowship Committee (2009)

University of Minnesota Law School, Advisory Board, Institute for Law & Rationality

APA Early Career Award Committee (Cognition and Human Learning), Chair (2005)

Women in Cognitive Science (WICS), Mentorship Award Committee (2005, 2006)

Psychonomic Society, Governing Board (2003-08)

Representative to the Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences (2007-08)

Membership Committee (2002-05); chair (2004-05)

Association for Psychological Science (APS), Board Secretary (2000-2005)

Women in Cognitive Science (WICS), Committee on Opportunities (2004-2006)

Xunesis, Advisory Board (2003-present)

Challenger Learning Center of the San Fernando Valley, Advisory Council (2002-present)

Conference Chair, Seventh Annual Meeting of the Southwest Cognition Conference (ARMADILLO), University of Texas at Austin (May-June 1996)

IRB Training and Advocacy

Founder and Chair, Association for Psychological Science (APS) Committee on Human Subject Protection (2001-2005)

APS Representative to the Panel on Institutional Review Boards, Surveys, and Social Science Research (convened by the National Academy’s Committee on National Statistics)

Preparation of protocols in experimental research and What and when of disclosure.

APS IRB Workshop, APS 15th Annual Convention, Atlanta (June 2003).

Co-chair, IRB Workshop, APS 14th Annual Convention, New Orleans (June 2002).

Risk, deception, and non-disclosure are not four-letter words (said the social/behavioral scientist).

Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences meeting on Recent Issues in Human Subject Protection, Washington, DC, April 2002.

Reviewing survey or other social science research.

Conference on the Fundamentals of Human Research Ethics, University of Virginia Medical School, November 2001.

Editorial

Editorial Boards:

Editor-in-Chief:

Perspectives on Psychological Science (2010-2014)

Associate Editor:

Thinking & Reasoning (2009)

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (2006-2008)

Psychological Science (2002-04)

Guest Editor:

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (2010), Special Issue: Emerging trends in psychology and law research.

Consulting Editor:

Perspectives on Psychological Science (2007-2009)

Psychological Science (2001; 2005-06)

Social Cognition (2000-05)

Memory & Cognition (2000-01; 2005)

Journals -- Ad Hoc Reviewer: