BARBARA A. Spellman

307B 2nd St., NW Department of Psychology

Charlottesville, VA 22902 University of Virginia

(434) 981-3298 P.O. Box 400400

Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400

(434) 982-5591

spellman@virginia.edu

Academic Appointments

2001 - present Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia

Fall 2000 Visiting Scholar, Department of Psychology, New York University

1997 - 2001 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia

1993 - 1997 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Texas

Previous Professional Positions

1985-1987 Legal Writer, Matthew Bender & Company (publisher), NY, NY

1982-1984 Associate, Chadbourne & Parke (law firm), NY, NY

Education

University of California, Los Angeles Ph.D. (Psychology), June 1993

Dissertation: The Construction of Causal Explanations

Co-chairs: Keith Holyoak and Patricia Cheng

Major: Cognitive Psychology; Minor: Development and Education

New York University School of Law J.D., June 1982

Admitted to New York State Bar: 1983

Wesleyan University; Middletown, Connecticut B.A. (Philosophy), June 1979

Research Interests

Causal, Counterfactual, Analogical, and Inductive Reasoning; Judgment & Decision Making; Inhibitory Processes in Memory; Metamemory; Social Cognition; Psychology and Law

Recent Research Grants

National Science Foundation

Title: Problems for Investigation for the Analyst of the Future Program

Dates: 7/1/04 - 8/31/07; Amount: $479,000

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) FIRST Award

Title: Judgments of Causal Efficacy

Dates: 8/98 - 7/03; Amount: $350,000

Academic / Intellectual Enrichment Grants

Women in Cognitive Science Mentorship Award

Dates: 2004-05

Amount: $2000 for Student Co-authors' Conference Travel

University of Virginia School of Law

Title: Law and Cognitive Psychology Speaker Series

Dates: 9/02 – 5/04; Amount: $7500 per year

University of Virginia, Interdisciplinary Workshop Grant

Title: Current Directions in Cognitive Science

Dates: 9/00 - 5/02; Amount: $13,000

Publications

Books

Spellman, B. A., & Willingham, D. T. (Eds). (2005). Current Directions in Cognitive Science: Readings from the American Psychological Society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education / Prentice Hall.

Articles and Chapters

Spellman, B. A., DeLoache, J., & Bjork, R. A. (in press). Making claims in papers and talks. To appear in Critical Thinking in Psychology. Edited by R. J. Sternberg, H. L. Roediger, & D. Halpern. Cambridge University Press.

Goedert, K. M., Harsch, J., & Spellman, B. A. (2005). Discounting and conditionalization: Dissociable cognitive processes in human causal inference. Psychological Science, 16, 590-595.

Spellman, B. A., Kincannon, A., & Stose, S. (2005). The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. In D. R. Mandel, D. J. Hilton, & P. Catellani (Eds.), The psychology of counterfactual thinking (pp. 28-43). London: Routledge Research.

Robinson, P. H., & Spellman, B. A. (2005). Sentencing decisions: Matching the decisionmaker to the decision nature. Columbia Law Review, 105(4), 1124-1161.

Goedert, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (2005). Non-normative discounting: There is more to cue-interaction effects than controlling for alternative causes. Learning & Behavior, 33, 197-210.

Spellman, B. A. (2004). Reflections of a recovering lawyer: How becoming a cognitive psychologist -- and (in particular) studying analogical and causal reasoning -- changed my views about the field of psychology and law. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 79(3), 1187-1214.

Dunn, E. W., & Spellman, B. A. (2003). Forgetting by remembering: Stereotype inhibition through rehearsal of alternative aspects of identity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 420-433.

Kincannon, A., & Spellman, B. A. (2003). The use of category and similarity information in limiting hypotheses. Memory & Cognition, 31, 114-132.

Spellman, B. A., & Mandel, D. R. (2003). Causal reasoning, psychology of. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (Vol 1, pp. 461-466). London: Nature Publishing Group.

Green, A. J., Spellman, B. A., Dusek, J. A., Eichenbaum, H., & Levy, W. G. (2001). Relational learning with and without awareness: Transitive inference using non-verbal stimuli in humans. Memory & Cognition, 29, 893-902.

Spellman, B. A., & Kincannon, A. (2001). The relation between counterfactual ("but for") and causal reasoning: Experimental findings and implications for jurors' decisions. Law and Contemporary Problems: Causation in Law and Science, 64(4), 241-264.

Spellman, B. A., Holyoak, K. J., & Morrison, R. G. (2001). Analogical priming via semantic relations. Memory & Cognition, 29, 383-393. [lead article]

Spellman, B. A., Price, C. M., & Logan, J. (2001). How two causes are different from one: The use of (un)conditional information in Simpson’s paradox. Memory & Cognition, 29, 193-208. [lead article]

Cohen, L. B., Rundell, L. J., Spellman, B. A., & Cashon, C. H. (1999). Infants’ perception of causal chains. Psychological Science, 10, 412-418.

Spellman, B. A., & Mandel, D. R. (1999). When possibility informs reality: Counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 120-123.

Spellman, B. A., López, A., & Smith, E. E. (1999). Hypothesis testing: Strategy selection for generalizing versus limiting hypotheses. Thinking & Reasoning, 5, 67-91.

Spellman, B. A. (1997). Crediting causality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 323-348. [Received APA Division 3 (Experimental Psychology) 1998 New Investigator Award for best paper in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.]

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1996). Pragmatics in analogical mapping. Cognitive Psychology, 31, 307-366.

Spellman, B. A. (1996). Acting as intuitive scientists: Contingency judgments are made while controlling for alternative potential causes. Psychological Science, 7, 337-342.

Spellman, B. A. (1996). Conditionalizing causality. In D. R. Shanks, K. J. Holyoak, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 34: Causal Learning (pp. 167-206). San Diego: Academic.

Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (1995). On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case. Psychological Review, 102, 68-100.

Spellman, B. A., Ullman, J. B., & Holyoak, K. J. (1993). A coherence model of cognitive consistency: Dynamics of attitude change during the Persian Gulf War. Journal of Social Issues, 49(4), 147-165.

Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (1993). Thinking. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 265-315.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1992). If Saddam is Hitler then who is George Bush? Analogical mapping between systems of social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 913-933.

Commentaries

Spellman, B. A. (1996). The implicit use of base rates in experiential and ecologically valid tasks. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 38.

Spellman, B. A. (1993). Implicit learning of base rates: Commentary on Koehler on Base-Rate. Psycoloquy, 4(61).

Spellman, B. A., & Bjork, R. A. (1992). When predictions create reality: Judgments of learning may alter what they are intended to assess. Psychological Science, 3, 315-316.

Short reports

Spellman, B. A. (2004). The relations between causal (x2) and counterfactual reasoning, the hindsight bias, and regret. In K. Forbus, D. Gentner, & T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 39). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Levy, W. B., Wu, X., Greene, A. J., & Spellman, B. A. (2002). A source of individual variation. Neurocomputing. Proceedings of the Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS02), Chicago, July 2002.

Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (2000). Analogical priming in a word naming task. In L. Gleitman & A. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 1045). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kincannon, A., & Spellman, B. A. (1999). Selecting evidence to limit hypotheses. In M. Hahn & S. C. Stoness (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 798). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (1993). An inhibitory mechanism for goal-directed analogical mapping. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, (pp. 947-952). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Specialty magazines and popular press (articles and letters to the editor)

Spellman, B. A. (March 2005). Could reality shows become reality experiments? Observer: Published by the American Psychological Society, 18(3), pp. 34-35.

Spellman, B. A. (July/August 2001). Got the IRB blues? Some things you can do. Observer: Published by the American Psychological Society, 14(6), pp. 5-6.

Spellman, B. A. (October 1996). Degree of difficulty. [Letter to the editor on the misuse of probability information by a lawyer to a client.] American Bar Association Journal, p. 10.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1996). Sex differences in bridge. The Bulletin of the American Contract Bridge League, pp. 81-82.

Spellman, B. A. (April 1994). Bridge and memory: Some surprising insights. The Bulletin of the American Contract Bridge League, pp. 54-56.

Spellman, B. A. (May 8, 1989). Fusion or illusion? [Letter to the editor on the similarity between the sciences of physics and psychology.] Newsweek, p. 8.

Manuscripts in Preparation or under Review (status as of 11/1/2005)

Daglis, H., Tenney, E., & Spellman, B. A. A "Plan B" defense strategy: The effects of unpacking a verdict into alternative hypotheses.

Friedman, O., Spellman, B. A., & Leslie, A. M. Knowledge of reality biases forward counterfactual reasoning.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. Was it the man dressed in black or the black man? Stereotypes and interference with memories of who-done-it. (Under review.)

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. Stereotypic crimes: An analysis of group-crime associations for 55 crimes. (Under review.)

Spellman, B. A. The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning: Availability mediates some of the similarities and differences in judgment.

Spellman, B. A., & Bawa, S. How NOT to get retrieval-induced forgetting without really trying.

Spellman, B. A., Kincannon, A., Maris, J. R., & Wynn, J. E. Causal attribution in cases of causal overdetermination: Reasoning when the legal “But for” test fails. (Revising for Social Cognition.)

Spellman, B. A., & Meyers, N. M. Wine, women, and food poisoning: The more-choices leads to more-causality effect in the relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning.

Stefanucci, J. K., Bowles, R., & Spellman, B. A. Getting back to normal: Predictors of change in well-being after September 11.

Stefanucci, J. K., & Spellman, B. A. Remembrace of emotions past: How did you feel right after September 11th?

Tenney, E. R., MacCoun, R. J., Hastie, R., & Spellman, B. A. Calibration, not confidence, may be the key to witness credibility.

Invited Talks

Why psychology plus law does not equal "psychology & law" (and what we can do about it).

University of Oregon, May 2005.

The relations between causal (x2) and counterfactual reasoning, the hindsight bias, and regret (and the kitchen sink).

University of Oregon, Decision Sciences, May 2005.

North Carolina Cognition Conference, February 2005.

University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, November 2004.

Carnegie-Mellon University, Department of Social and Decision Sciences, October 2004.

Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science, March 2004.

Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Berlin, August 2003.

Confessions of a recovering lawyer: How a decade of cognitive psychology research frightens the lawyer within.

Conference on Law &: Philosophical, Psychological and Linguistic Perspectives on Legal Scholarship, Chicago-Kent Law School, Chicago, October 2003.

Some things I know about memory and reasoning (that you should know too).

CIA Analyst of the Future Workshop, Airlie Center, Warrenton, VA, June 2003.

The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning: Experimental findings and implications for jurors' decisions.

Keynote address to the (British) Experimental Psychology Society, Bristol, UK, April 2001.

From word lists to stereotypes: Inhibition in and out of social cognition.

New York University, Psychology Department, December 2000.

The relation between counterfactual ("but for") and causal reasoning: Experimental findings and implications for jurors' decisions (with A. Kincannon).

Conference on Causation in Law and Science sponsored by Law and Contemporary Problems, Duke University Law School, November 2000.

Causal reasoning in science and law.

Keynote Address at the 15^th Annual Psi Chi Symposium, Mary Washington College, Fredericksburg, VA, April 2000.

Reasoning.

DARPA Neuroscience Workshop, Airlie Center, Warrenton, VA, December 1999.

When possibility informs reality: Counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality.

Washington University, St. Louis, Psychology Department, October 1999.

Causal and counterfactual reasoning.

Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, Psychology Department, July 1999.

Causal reasoning in a complex world.

Michigan State University, Psychology Department, February 1998.

University of North Carolina - Greensboro, Psychology Department, January 1998.

Conditionalizing causality.

University of Virginia, Psychology Department, February 1997.

Harvard University, Psychology Department, January 1997.

University of California, San Diego, Cognitive Science Department, April 1996.

Indiana University, Cognitive Science Colloquium Series, March 1996.

University of Washington, Psychology Department, March 1996.

Who (or what) done it? And how do we decide?

42nd Annual Convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association (SWPA), Houston, TX, April 1996.

Overcoming Simpson's Paradox: The use of base rates and conditional contingencies to eliminate cue interaction effects.

University of Texas, Business School, April 1995.

Memory and metamemory: You don't mean I don't know what I think I know (do you)?

Baylor University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, April 1994.

The construction of causal explanations.

Duke University, Department of Psychology: Social and Health Sciences, March 1993.

Columbia University, Psychology Department, March 1993.

New York University, Psychology Department, February 1993.

University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Psychology Department, February 1993.

Williams College, Psychology Department, February 1993.

University of Texas at Austin, Psychology Department, January 1993.

Notre Dame University, Psychology Department, January 1993.

Inhibitory mechanisms in memory and analogy.

University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Psychology Department, February 1993.

Invited Symposia

Spellman, B. A. (June 2005). Categories in the mind, world, and legal system. Presented in a symposium entitled Categorization in the Law at the Law and Society Association (LSA) 2005 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas.

Spellman, B. A. (February 2005). Categorization in lab and law. Presented in a symposium entitled Conceptual Representation at the Eastern Psychological Association (EPA) Meeting, Boston, MA.

Spellman, B. A., & Stose, S. J. (August 2003). Regret is both a causal and counterfactual emotion. Presented in a symposium entitled Recent Developments in Regret Research at SPUDM (Subjective Probability, Utility, and Decision Making Conference), Zurich, Switzerland.

Spellman, B. A., & Dunn, E. W. (August 2001). Inhibitory mechanisms in the use of stereotypes. Presented in a symposium entitled Inhibitory Processes in Memory at the International Conference on Memory, Valencia, Spain.

Spellman, B. A., & Dunn, E. W. (April 2001). From word lists to stereotypes: Inhibition in higher-order cognition. Presented in a symposium entitled Inhibitory Processes in Human Memory at the (British) Experimental Psychology Society, Bristol, UK.

Spellman, B. A. (February 2001). Inhibitory mechanisms in social (and non-social) cognition. Presented in a symposium entitled Inhibitory Processes in Person Perception at the Second Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Antonio, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (November 2000). How possibility informs reality: The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. Presented in a symposium entitled Is Everyday Causal Reasoning Rational? at the 41st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.

Spellman, B. A. (August 2000). The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. Presented in a symposium entitled Causal Reasoning at the Fourth International Conference on Thinking sponsored by the British Psychological Society, Durham, UK.

Hill, C. A., & Spellman B. A. (January 2000). A portfolio perspective on decision theory. Presented in a symposium entitled Are People Rational? Does it Matter? in the Section on Law and Economics at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Law Schools, Washington, DC.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1999). Counterfactual reasoning is a basis for causal attribution, isn't it? Presented in a symposium entitled Attributional processes: Classical and Connectionist Perspectives at the XIIth General Meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, Oxford, UK.

Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (July 1996). If Saddam is Hitler then I am not a pacifist: A parallel constraint satisfaction model of cognitive consistency. Presented in a symposium entitled Connectionism and Parallel Constraint Satisfaction Models of Social Reasoning at the Eighth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, San Francisco, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (August 1995). If Saddam is Hitler then I am not a pacifist: A parallel constraint satisfaction model of cognitive consistency. Presented in a symposium entitled Parallel Constraint Satisfaction Processes in Social Cognition at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, New York, NY.

paper and Poster Presentations

Tenney, E. R., Spellman, B. A., MacCoun, R. J., & Hastie, R. (in March 2006). Calibration, not confidence, may be the key to witness credibility. Paper to be presented at the 2006 American Psychology-Law Conference, St. Petersburg, FL.

Eliezer, D., Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (in March 2006). When anti-discrimination laws fail: Stereotype suppression and discrimination against elderly workers. Paper to be presented at the 2006 American Psychology-Law Conference, St. Petersburg, FL.

Hendricks, L., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2005). Advisor intentions and decisions under uncertainty: Deception leads to more risk aversion than ignorance. Poster presented at the 2005 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Toronto, Canada.

Tenney, E. R., Hendricks, L., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2005). The preference for redundancy decreases when information is provided by human sources. Poster presented at the 2005 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Toronto, Canada.

Whitchurch, E. R., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2005). The effect of source reliability on anchoring in judgment tasks. Poster presented at the 2005 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Toronto, Canada.

Spellman, B. A., Bjork, R. A., & Blumenthal. A. (November 2005). Measuring metamemory: Why Gamma can't tell us what we want to know. Paper presented at the Thomas O. Nelson Memorial Symposium sponsored by the International Association for Metacognition, Toronto, Canada.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2005). Is it the man dressed in black or the Black man? Paper presented at the 2005 American Psychology-Law Conference, La Jolla, CA.

Tenney, E. R., Daglis, H. M., Schneider, J. P., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2005). Unpacking a verdict into alternative hypotheses. Poster presented at the 2005 American Psychology-Law Conference, La Jolla, CA.

Goedert, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2004). True causal discounting exists despite controlling for alternative causes: A disconfirmation of Spellman (1996). Paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN.

Spellman, B. A. (August 2004). The relations between causal (x2) and counterfactual reasoning, the hindsight bias, and regret. Paper presented at the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Chicago.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2004). Stereotypic crimes and consequences for juror decision-making. Paper presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Biennial Conference (AP-LS), Scottsdale, AZ.

Walker-Wilson, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2004). Objection! The unintended consequences of attorney interruptions. Paper presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Biennial Conference (AP-LS), Scottsdale, AZ.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2004). Justice served: Stereotypic crimes and decision making. Poster presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Austin, TX.

Skorinko, J. L., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2003). When is a crime stereotypic? Poster presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Los Angeles.

Walker-Wilson, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2003). Objecting to objections: Spotlight attention, judge instructions, and jurors’ use of forbidden information. Poster presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Los Angeles.

Spellman, B. A., & Stose, S. J. (November 2002). Regret is both a causal and counterfactual emotion. Poster presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Kansas City, MO.

Stose, S. J., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2002). A causal definition of counterfactual regret. Poster presented at the 2002 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Kansas City, MO.

Stefanucci, J. K., Poppe, A. C., & Spellman, B. A. (June 2002). The September 11, 2001 attacks: College students' changes in behavioral and emotional responses. Poster presented at the 14th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, New Orleans.

Poppe, A. C., Stefanucci, J. K., & Spellman, B. A. (June 2002). The September 11, 2001 attacks: Gender differences in behavioral and emotional responses. Poster presented at the 14th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, New Orleans.

Spellman, B. A. (May 2002). (New) Adventures in psychology & law. Paper presented at the 14th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Buck Island, NC.

Walker-Wilson, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (March 2002). The objection to objections: Attentional cues and jurors’ use of forbidden information. Poster presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Biennial Conference (AP-LS), Austin, TX.

Dunn, E. W., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2002). Stereotype inhibition through rehearsal of other aspects of identity. Poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Savannah, GA.

Levy, W. B., Greene, A. J., Hogan, M., Spellman, B. A., & Wu, X. (November 2001). A neural network model of the hippocampus predicts human training sensitivities. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Orlando, FL.

Spellman, B. A. (June 2001). What I would have thought about counterfactual reasoning had I not gone to the counterfactual reasoning conference in Aix-en-Provence. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (May 2001). Wine, women, and Wells: Why thinking about more (consequent-changing) counterfactuals leads to greater attributions of causality. Paper presented at the EAESP Small Group Meeting on Counterfactual Thinking, La Baume, Aix-en-Provence, France.

Walker, M. J., & Spellman, B. A. (February 2001). Objecting to objections: How jurors remember and use forbidden information. Poster presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Antonio.

Goedert, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2000). Causal discounting occurs even with reasons to accurately judge the weaker cause. Poster presented at the 2000 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans.

Kincannon, A. & Spellman, B.A. (November 2000). The effect of generating alternatives on limiting hypotheses. Poster presented at the 2000 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans.

Meyers, N. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 2000). Adjusting causal attributions in light of counterfactual alternatives. Poster presented at the 2000 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, New Orleans.

Kincannon, A. & Spellman, B. A. (August 2000). Selecting diagnostic evidence for limiting hypotheses. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Thinking sponsored by the British Psychological Society, Durham, UK.

Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J., & Spellman, B. A. (August 2000). Analogical priming in a word naming task. Poster presented at the Twenty-second Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Dunn, E. W., & Spellman, B. A. (May 2000). Remembering to forget: Successful stereotype suppression through rehearsal of another aspect of identity. Poster presented at the 12th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Miami Beach, FL.

Kincannon, A., Hertz, M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 1999). Strategies people use for limiting hypotheses. Poster presented at the 1999 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Los Angeles, CA.

Goedert-Eschmann, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 1999). Controlling for competing causes requires attention at encoding. Poster presented at the 1999 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Los Angeles, CA.

Spellman, B. A., & Kincannon, A. (November 1999). Selecting evidence for limiting hypotheses. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA.

Greene, A. J., Spellman, B. A., Christmen, D. S., Dusek, J. A., & Levy, W. B. (November 1999). Nondeclarative hippocampal memory. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA.

Kincannon, A., & Spellman, B. A. (August 1999). Selecting evidence to limit hypotheses. Poster presented at the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver, BC.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1999). Causal attribution in cases of causal overdetermination: Reasoning when the legal “but for” test fails. Poster presented at the Joint Conference of the American Psychology-Law Society and the European Association of Psychology & Law, Dublin, Ireland.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1999). Using cognitive theories of inhibition to explain various phenomena in social cognition. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Goedert-Eschmann, K. M., & Spellman, B. A. (November 1998). Speeded causality judgments are conditionalized on competing causes. Poster presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Dallas, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1998). Cutting theories down to size. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (May 1998). Don't let an "If only...” get you down: Mutability is not causality. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.

Cohen, L. B., Rundell, L. J., Spellman, B. A., & Cashon, C. H. (April 1998). Infants’ perception of causal chains. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies (ICIS), Atlanta, GA.

Spellman, B. A., & Bjork, R. A. (November 1997). When prophecy succeeds (too well): Inaccurate judgments of learning can produce better-than-perfect predictions. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1997). Causal and counterfactual reasoning: Some legal implications. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Pine Island, NC.

Spellman, B. A., & Price, C. M. (November 1996). Simpson’s paradox, base rates, and conditionalizing causality judgments. Poster presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL.

Spellman, B. A. (August 1996). Causality versus mutability: The importance of changing the probability of the outcome. Poster presented at the Third International Conference on Thinking, London, UK.

López, A., Spellman, B. A., & Smith, E. E. (August 1996). On how to make people falsify when testing hypotheses. Poster presented at the Third International Conference on Thinking, London, UK.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1996). Conditionalizing contingency judgments: Comparing social and cognitive tasks. Paper presented at the 8th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Corolla, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (November 1995). Contingency judgments are conditionalized on the constancy of other causes. Poster presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society and the 1995 Meeting of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making, Los Angeles, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (June 1995). When causality and mutability don’t meet. Paper presented at the 7th Annual Duck Conference on Social Cognition, Corolla, NC.

Spellman, B. A. (May 1995). Wason's 246 meets premise diversity: Humans as intuitive scientists. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Southwest Cognition Conference (ARMADILLO), College Station, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (April 1995). Overcoming Simpson's Paradox: Using base rates in causal reasoning. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association (SWPA), San Antonio, TX.

Spellman, B. A. (November 1994). Causal attributions are based on probability changes -- Not sequence or mutability. Poster presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO.

Spellman, B. A. (May 1994). Crediting causality. Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Southwest Cognition Conference (ARMADILLO), San Antonio, TX.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (June 1993). An inhibitory mechanism for goal-directed analogical mapping. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, CO.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (November 1992). Both pragmatic and structural constraints guide analogical mapping. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1992). Causal attribution and the problem of intent. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Thinking, Plymouth, UK.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (November 1991). If Saddam is Hitler then who is George Bush? Coherence in analogical mapping. Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Francisco, CA.

Spellman, B. A. (July 1991). Analogical priming: Effects of semantic relations. Paper presented at the International Conference on Memory, Lancaster, UK.

Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (June 1991). Retrieval practice inhibits similar memories, regardless of whether common cues are shared. Poster presented at the Third Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.

Spellman, B. A., & Holyoak, K. J. (November 1990). Analogical priming of semantic relations in a lexical decision task. Poster presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.

Teaching Interests

Thinking & Reasoning; Psychology and Law; Research Methods; Cognitive Psychology; Social Cognition; Memory

Teaching Experience

Undergraduate:

Introduction to Cognition

Research Methods & Data Analysis

Advanced Experimental Methods (lab)

Thinking About Thinking (seminar)

Psychology & Law: Cognitive and Social Issues (seminar)

University Seminar: Psychology of Information and Persuasion

Graduate:

Cognitive Psychology

Thinking and Reasoning

Cognitive and Social Psychological Issues in the Law

Causal and Counterfactual Reasoning

Proseminar in Social Psychology (team taught)

Department and University Service

University and Interdisciplinary

Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the Social Sciences (2004-present)

Fellowship Endorsement Committee (2004-05)

Law and Cognitive Psychology Speaker Series, Co-Director (2002-04)

College Science Advisory Committee (2003-04)

Faculty Forum for Scientific Research (2002-2005)

University Seminar (USEM) Course (Fall 2002, Fall 2003, Fall 2005)

All-University Retreat, Invited Attendee (Fall 2003)

Dean’s Sesquicentennial Committee (Fall 2002)

First-year and Transfer Advising (2001-03)

Current Directions in Cognitive Science Workshop, Co-Director (2000-02)

Department of Psychology

Tenure Committee (Goehler)

Cognitive Area Head (2002-03)

Social Search Committee (2001-02; 2002-03)

Faculty Mentor (2002-present)

Director of Graduate Studies and Graduate Admissions (2001-02)

Graduate Committee, Member (2002-04), Chair (2001-02)

Steering Committee, Substitute Member (Spring 2003)

Steering Committee, Ex Officio Member (2001-02)

Third Year Review Committees (Sinclair, Erisir, Nosek)

Undergraduate Committee (2001)

Cognitive Science Major Advising (1999-present)

Psychology Major Advising (1998-present)

Steering Committee, Elected Member (1998-2000)

Cognitive Search Committee (1999-2000)

Women’s Concerns Committee (1999-2000)

Faculty Representative to Academic Advising Fair (1999, 2002, 2004)

Pathfinder Pre-Dissertation Award Committee (1997)

Professional Service

Organizational

APA Early Career Award Committee (Cognition and Human Learning), Chair (2005)

Women in Cognitive Science (WICS), Mentorship Award Committee (2005)

Psychonomic Society, Governing Board (2003-08)

Membership Committee (2002-05); chair (2004-05)

American Psychological Society (APS), Secretary (2000-2005)

Founder and Chair, APS Committee on Human Subject Protection (2001-2005)

Women in Cognitive Science (WICS), Committee on Opportunities (2004-present)

Xunesis, Advisory Board (2003-present)

Foundation for Innovative Learning, Council of Advisors (2002-present)

Conference Chair, Seventh Annual Meeting of the Southwest Cognition Conference (ARMADILLO), University of Texas at Austin (May-June 1996)

IRB Training and Advocacy

Founder and Chair, American Psychological Society (APS) Committee on Human Subject Protection (2001-2005)

APS Representative to the Panel on Institutional Review Boards, Surveys, and Social Science Research (convened by the National Academy’s Committee on National Statistics)

Preparation of protocols in experimental research and What and when of disclosure.

APS IRB Workshop, APS 15th Annual Convention, Atlanta (June 2003).

Co-chair, IRB Workshop, APS 14th Annual Convention, New Orleans (June 2002).

Risk, deception, and non-disclosure are not four-letter words (said the social/behavioral scientist).

Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences meeting on Recent Issues in Human Subject Protection, Washington, DC, April 2002.

Reviewing survey or other social science research.

Conference on the Fundamentals of Human Research Ethics, University of Virginia Medical School, November 2001.

Editorial

Editorial Boards:

Associate Editor, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (incoming; 2006-?)

Associate Editor, Psychological Science (2002-04)

Consulting Editor:

Psychological Science (2001-02; 2004-present)

Social Cognition (2000-2005)

Memory & Cognition (2000-02; 2004-present)

Ad Hoc Reviewer:

Journals

American Journal of Psychology British Journal of Social Psychology Child Development Cognition Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Science Developmental Psychology Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Journal of Memory and Language

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Law and Human Behavior Memory Memory & Cognition Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Personality and Social Psychology Review Psychological Review Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Thinking & Reasoning Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Publishing Companies

Allyn & Bacon, Cambridge University Press, Harper Collins,

MIT Press, Psychology Press

Grant Reviews

National Science Foundation (Information Technology Research)

National Institutes of Health (Biobehavioral and Behavioral Processes - 4)

Economic and Social Research Council (of the United Kingdom)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)

Society Memberships

Cognitive Psychology / Cognitive Science:

Behavioral & Brain Sciences; Cognitive Science Society; Psychonomic Society; Society for Judgment & Decision Making

Social Psychology:

Society of Experimental Social Psychology; Society for Personality & Social Psychology; Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues

General Psychology:

American Psychological Association; American Psychological Society (Fellow); Eastern Psychological Association

Law / Law-related:

American Bar Association; American Psychology-Law Society (APA Division 41); Law and Society Association