The use of microcolumn technology for
executing rapid analytical separations has set the stage for creating a
new paradigm in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
Capillaries or microchannels with microscalar dimensions allow for
applied fields as high as 30,000 volts to drive separations. As a
result, high resolution analytic separations can be achieved with
analysis times on the minute and even second time-scale of low volume
(2 µL)
samples using only
microliters of reagents. The capillary-based format provides
flexibility for automation, critical to the clinical lab, while the
microchip provides the possibility for integrating other chemistries
(sample preparation, enzymatic modification, etc.) into the sample
platform as that used for separation. This concept, embodied in the
form of an Integrated Diagnostic (ID) Chip, presents the possibility
for revolutionizing clinical diagnostics as we presently know.